ref: 63405aa8ca5abcca5cf1b1abb4c0b3648aa5bfc4
dir: /lib/std/bigint.myr/
use "alloc"
use "chartype"
use "cmp"
use "die"
use "errno"
use "extremum"
use "hasprefix"
use "memops"
use "option"
use "slcp"
use "sldup"
use "slfill"
use "slpush"
use "striter"
use "types"
use "utf"
pkg std =
type bigint = struct
dig : uint32[:] /* little endian, no leading zeros. */
sign : int /* -1 for -ve, 0 for zero, 1 for +ve. */
;;
/* administrivia */
generic mkbigint : (v : @a::(numeric,integral) -> bigint#)
const bigfree : (a : bigint# -> void)
const bigdup : (a : bigint# -> bigint#)
const bigassign : (d : bigint#, s : bigint# -> bigint#)
const bigmove : (d : bigint#, s : bigint# -> bigint#)
const bigparse : (s : byte[:] -> option(bigint#))
const bigclear : (a : bigint# -> bigint#)
const bigbfmt : (b : byte[:], a : bigint#, base : int -> size)
/*
const bigtoint : (a : bigint# -> @a::(numeric,integral))
*/
/* some useful predicates */
const bigiszero : (a : bigint# -> bool)
const bigeq : (a : bigint#, b : bigint# -> bool)
generic bigeqi : (a : bigint#, b : @a::(numeric,integral) -> bool)
const bigcmp : (a : bigint#, b : bigint# -> order)
/* bigint*bigint -> bigint ops */
const bigadd : (a : bigint#, b : bigint# -> bigint#)
const bigsub : (a : bigint#, b : bigint# -> bigint#)
const bigmul : (a : bigint#, b : bigint# -> bigint#)
const bigdiv : (a : bigint#, b : bigint# -> bigint#)
const bigmod : (a : bigint#, b : bigint# -> bigint#)
const bigdivmod : (a : bigint#, b : bigint# -> (bigint#, bigint#))
const bigshl : (a : bigint#, b : bigint# -> bigint#)
const bigshr : (a : bigint#, b : bigint# -> bigint#)
const bigmodpow : (b : bigint#, e : bigint#, m : bigint# -> bigint#)
/*
const bigpow : (a : bigint#, b : bigint# -> bigint#)
*/
/* bigint*int -> bigint ops */
generic bigaddi : (a : bigint#, b : @a::(integral,numeric) -> bigint#)
generic bigsubi : (a : bigint#, b : @a::(integral,numeric) -> bigint#)
generic bigmuli : (a : bigint#, b : @a::(integral,numeric) -> bigint#)
generic bigdivi : (a : bigint#, b : @a::(integral,numeric) -> bigint#)
generic bigshli : (a : bigint#, b : @a::(integral,numeric) -> bigint#)
generic bigshri : (a : bigint#, b : @a::(integral,numeric) -> bigint#)
/*
const bigpowi : (a : bigint#, b : uint64 -> bigint#)
*/
;;
const Base = 0x100000000ul
generic mkbigint = {v : @a::(integral,numeric)
var a
var val
a = zalloc()
if v < 0
a.sign = -1
v = -v
elif v > 0
a.sign = 1
;;
val = v castto(uint64)
slpush(&a.dig, val castto(uint32))
if val > Base
slpush(&a.dig, (val/Base) castto(uint32))
;;
-> trim(a)
}
const bigfree = {a
slfree(a.dig)
free(a)
}
const bigdup = {a
-> bigassign(zalloc(), a)
}
const bigassign = {d, s
slfree(d.dig)
d# = s#
d.dig = sldup(s.dig)
-> d
}
const bigmove = {d, s
slfree(d.dig)
d# = s#
s.dig = [][:]
s.sign = 0
-> d
}
const bigclear = {v
std.slfree(v.dig)
v.sign = 0
v.dig = [][:]
-> v
}
/* for now, just dump out something for debugging... */
const bigbfmt = {buf, x, base
const digitchars = [
'0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9',
'a','b','c','d','e','f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j',
'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's',
't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z']
var v, val
var n, i
var tmp, rem, b
if base < 0 || base > 36
die("invalid base in bigbfmt\n")
;;
if bigiszero(x)
n
;;
if base == 0
b = mkbigint(10)
else
b = mkbigint(base)
;;
n = 0
val = bigdup(x)
/* generate the digits in reverse order */
while !bigiszero(val)
(v, rem) = bigdivmod(val, b)
if rem.dig.len > 0
n += encode(buf[n:], digitchars[rem.dig[0]])
else
n += encode(buf[n:], '0')
;;
bigfree(val)
bigfree(rem)
val = v
;;
bigfree(val)
bigfree(b)
/* this is done last, so we get things right when we reverse the string */
if x.sign == 0
n += encode(buf[n:], '0')
elif x.sign == -1
n += encode(buf[n:], '-')
;;
/* we only generated ascii digits, so this works for reversing. */
for i = 0; i < n/2; i++
tmp = buf[i]
buf[i] = buf[n - i - 1]
buf[n - i - 1] = tmp
;;
-> n
}
const bigparse = {str
var val : int, base
var v, b
var a
if hasprefix(str, "0x") || hasprefix(str, "0X")
base = 16
elif hasprefix(str, "0o") || hasprefix(str, "0O")
base = 8
elif hasprefix(str, "0b") || hasprefix(str, "0B")
base = 2
else
base = 10
;;
if base != 10
str = str[2:]
;;
a = mkbigint(0)
b = mkbigint(base)
/*
efficiency hack: to save allocations,
just mutate v[0]. The value will always
fit in one digit.
*/
v = mkbigint(1)
for c in std.bychar(str)
if c == '_'
continue
;;
val = charval(c, base)
if val < 0 || val > base
bigfree(a)
bigfree(b)
bigfree(v)
-> `None
;;
v.dig[0] = val castto(uint32)
if val == 0
v.sign = 0
else
v.sign = 1
;;
bigmul(a, b)
bigadd(a, v)
;;
-> `Some a
}
const bigiszero = {v
-> v.dig.len == 0
}
const bigeq = {a, b
if a.sign != b.sign || a.dig.len != b.dig.len
-> false
;;
for var i = 0; i < a.dig.len; i++
if a.dig[i] != b.dig[i]
-> false
;;
;;
-> true
}
generic bigeqi = {a, b
var v
var dig : uint32[2]
bigdigit(&v, b < 0, b castto(uint64), dig[:])
-> bigeq(a, &v)
}
const bigcmp = {a, b
var da, db, sa, sb
sa = a.sign castto(int64)
sb = b.sign castto(int64)
if sa < sb
-> `Before
elif sa > sb
-> `After
elif a.dig.len < b.dig.len
-> signedorder(-sa)
elif a.dig.len > b.dig.len
-> signedorder(sa)
else
/* otherwise, the one with the first larger digit is bigger */
for var i = a.dig.len; i > 0; i--
da = a.dig[i - 1] castto(int64)
db = b.dig[i - 1] castto(int64)
if da != db
-> signedorder(sa * (da - db))
;;
;;
;;
-> `Equal
}
const signedorder = {sign
if sign < 0
-> `Before
elif sign == 0
-> `Equal
else
-> `After
;;
}
/* a += b */
const bigadd = {a, b
if a.sign == b.sign || a.sign == 0
a.sign = b.sign
-> uadd(a, b)
elif b.sign == 0
-> a
else
match bigcmp(a, b)
| `Before: /* a is negative */
a.sign = b.sign
-> usub(b, a)
| `After: /* b is negative */
-> usub(a, b)
| `Equal:
die("Impossible. Equal vals with different sign.")
;;
;;
}
/* adds two unsigned values together. */
const uadd = {a, b
var v, i
var carry
var n
carry = 0
n = max(a.dig.len, b.dig.len)
/* guaranteed to carry no more than one value */
slzgrow(&a.dig, n + 1)
for i = 0; i < n; i++
v = (a.dig[i] castto(uint64)) + carry;
if i < b.dig.len
v += (b.dig[i] castto(uint64))
;;
if v >= Base
carry = 1
else
carry = 0
;;
a.dig[i] = v castto(uint32)
;;
a.dig[i] += carry castto(uint32)
-> trim(a)
}
/* a -= b */
const bigsub = {a, b
/* 0 - x = -x */
if a.sign == 0
bigassign(a, b)
a.sign = -b.sign
-> a
/* x - 0 = x */
elif b.sign == 0
-> a
elif a.sign != b.sign
-> uadd(a, b)
else
match bigcmp(a, b)
| `Before: /* a is negative */
a.sign = b.sign
-> usub(b, a)
| `After: /* b is negative */
-> usub(a, b)
| `Equal:
-> bigclear(a)
;;
;;
-> a
}
/* subtracts two unsigned values, where 'a' is strictly greater than 'b' */
const usub = {a, b
var carry
var v, i
carry = 0
for i = 0; i < a.dig.len; i++
v = (a.dig[i] castto(int64)) - carry
if i < b.dig.len
v -= (b.dig[i] castto(int64))
;;
if v < 0
carry = 1
else
carry = 0
;;
a.dig[i] = v castto(uint32)
;;
-> trim(a)
}
/* a *= b */
const bigmul = {a, b
var i, j
var ai, bj, wij
var carry, t
var w
if a.sign == 0 || b.sign == 0
a.sign = 0
slfree(a.dig)
a.dig = [][:]
-> a
elif a.sign != b.sign
a.sign = -1
else
a.sign = 1
;;
w = slzalloc(a.dig.len + b.dig.len)
for j = 0; j < b.dig.len; j++
carry = 0
for i = 0; i < a.dig.len; i++
ai = a.dig[i] castto(uint64)
bj = b.dig[j] castto(uint64)
wij = w[i+j] castto(uint64)
t = ai * bj + wij + carry
w[i + j] = (t castto(uint32))
carry = t >> 32
;;
w[i+j] = carry castto(uint32)
;;
slfree(a.dig)
a.dig = w
-> trim(a)
}
const bigdiv = {a : bigint#, b : bigint# -> bigint#
var q, r
(q, r) = bigdivmod(a, b)
bigfree(r)
-> bigmove(a, q)
}
const bigmod = {a : bigint#, b : bigint# -> bigint#
var q, r
(q, r) = bigdivmod(a, b)
bigfree(q)
-> bigmove(a, r)
}
/* a /= b */
const bigdivmod = {a : bigint#, b : bigint# -> (bigint#, bigint#)
/*
Implements bigint division using Algorithm D from
Knuth: Seminumerical algorithms, Section 4.3.1.
*/
var m : int64, n : int64
var qhat, rhat, carry, shift
var x, y, z, w, p, t /* temporaries */
var b0, aj
var u, v
var i, j : int64
var q
if bigiszero(b)
die("divide by zero\n")
;;
/* if b > a, we trucate to 0, with remainder 'a' */
if a.dig.len < b.dig.len
-> (mkbigint(0), bigdup(a))
;;
q = zalloc()
q.dig = slzalloc(max(a.dig.len, b.dig.len) + 1)
if a.sign != b.sign
q.sign = -1
else
q.sign = 1
;;
/* handle single digit divisor separately: the knuth algorithm needs at least 2 digits. */
if b.dig.len == 1
carry = 0
b0 = (b.dig[0] castto(uint64))
for j = a.dig.len; j > 0; j--
aj = (a.dig[j - 1] castto(uint64))
q.dig[j - 1] = (((carry << 32) + aj)/b0) castto(uint32)
carry = (carry << 32) + aj - (q.dig[j-1] castto(uint64))*b0
;;
q = trim(q)
-> (q, trim(mkbigint(carry castto(int32))))
;;
u = bigdup(a)
v = bigdup(b)
m = u.dig.len
n = v.dig.len
shift = nlz(v.dig[n - 1])
bigshli(u, shift)
bigshli(v, shift)
slzgrow(&u.dig, u.dig.len + 1)
for j = m - n; j >= 0; j--
/* load a few temps */
x = u.dig[j + n] castto(uint64)
y = u.dig[j + n - 1] castto(uint64)
z = v.dig[n - 1] castto(uint64)
w = v.dig[n - 2] castto(uint64)
t = u.dig[j + n - 2] castto(uint64)
/* estimate qhat */
qhat = (x*Base + y)/z
rhat = (x*Base + y) - qhat*z
:divagain
if qhat >= Base || (qhat * w) > (rhat*Base + t)
qhat--
rhat += z
if rhat < Base
goto divagain
;;
;;
/* multiply and subtract */
carry = 0
for i = 0; i < n; i++
p = qhat * (v.dig[i] castto(uint64))
t = (u.dig[i+j] castto(uint64)) - carry - (p % Base)
u.dig[i+j] = t castto(uint32)
carry = (((p castto(int64)) >> 32) - ((t castto(int64)) >> 32)) castto(uint64);
;;
t = (u.dig[j + n] castto(uint64)) - carry
u.dig[j + n] = t castto(uint32)
q.dig[j] = qhat castto(uint32)
/* adjust */
if t castto(int64) < 0
q.dig[j]--
carry = 0
for i = 0; i < n; i++
t = (u.dig[i+j] castto(uint64)) + (v.dig[i] castto(uint64)) + carry
u.dig[i+j] = t castto(uint32)
carry = t >> 32
;;
u.dig[j+n] = u.dig[j+n] + (carry castto(uint32));
;;
;;
/* undo the biasing for remainder */
u = bigshri(u, shift)
-> (trim(q), trim(u))
}
/* computes b^e % m */
const bigmodpow = {base, exp, mod
var r, n
r = mkbigint(1)
n = 0
while !bigiszero(exp)
if (exp.dig[0] & 1) != 0
bigmul(r, base)
bigmod(r, mod)
;;
bigshri(exp, 1)
bigmul(base, base)
bigmod(base, mod)
;;
-> bigmove(base, r)
}
/* returns the number of leading zeros */
const nlz = {a : uint32
var n
if a == 0
-> 32
;;
n = 0
if a <= 0x0000ffff
n += 16
a <<= 16
;;
if a <= 0x00ffffff
n += 8
a <<= 8
;;
if a <= 0x0fffffff
n += 4
a <<= 4
;;
if a <= 0x3fffffff
n += 2
a <<= 2
;;
if a <= 0x7fffffff
n += 1
a <<= 1
;;
-> n
}
/* a <<= b */
const bigshl = {a, b
match b.dig.len
| 0: -> a
| 1: -> bigshli(a, b.dig[0] castto(uint64))
| n: die("shift by way too much\n")
;;
}
/* a >>= b, unsigned */
const bigshr = {a, b
match b.dig.len
| 0: -> a
| 1: -> bigshri(a, b.dig[0] castto(uint64))
| n: die("shift by way too much\n")
;;
}
/* a + b, b is integer.
FIXME: acually make this a performace improvement
*/
generic bigaddi = {a, b
var bigb : bigint
var dig : uint32[2]
bigdigit(&bigb, b < 0, b castto(uint64), dig[:])
bigadd(a, &bigb)
-> a
}
generic bigsubi = {a, b : @a::(numeric,integral)
var bigb : bigint
var dig : uint32[2]
bigdigit(&bigb, b < 0, b castto(uint64), dig[:])
bigsub(a, &bigb)
-> a
}
generic bigmuli = {a, b
var bigb : bigint
var dig : uint32[2]
bigdigit(&bigb, b < 0, b castto(uint64), dig[:])
bigmul(a, &bigb)
-> a
}
generic bigdivi = {a, b
var bigb : bigint
var dig : uint32[2]
bigdigit(&bigb, b < 0, b castto(uint64), dig[:])
bigdiv(a, &bigb)
-> a
}
/*
a << s, with integer arg.
logical left shift. any other type would be illogical.
*/
generic bigshli = {a, s : @a::(numeric,integral)
var off, shift
var t, carry
iassert(s >= 0, "shift amount must be positive")
off = (s castto(uint64)) / 32
shift = (s castto(uint64)) % 32
/* zero shifted by anything is zero */
if a.sign == 0
-> a
;;
slzgrow(&a.dig, 1 + a.dig.len + off castto(size))
/* blit over the base values */
for var i = a.dig.len; i > off; i--
a.dig[i - 1] = a.dig[i - 1 - off]
;;
for var i = 0; i < off; i++
a.dig[i] = 0
;;
/* and shift over by the remainder */
carry = 0
for var i = 0; i < a.dig.len; i++
t = (a.dig[i] castto(uint64)) << shift
a.dig[i] = (t | carry) castto(uint32)
carry = t >> 32
;;
-> trim(a)
}
/* logical shift right, zero fills. sign remains untouched. */
generic bigshri = {a, s
var off, shift
var t, carry
iassert(s >= 0, "shift amount must be positive")
off = (s castto(uint64)) / 32
shift = (s castto(uint64)) % 32
/* blit over the base values */
for var i = 0; i < a.dig.len - off; i++
a.dig[i] = a.dig[i + off]
;;
for var i = a.dig.len - off; i < a.dig.len; i++
a.dig[i] = 0
;;
/* and shift over by the remainder */
carry = 0
for var i = a.dig.len; i > 0; i--
t = (a.dig[i - 1] castto(uint64))
a.dig[i - 1] = (carry | (t >> shift)) castto(uint32)
carry = t << (32 - shift)
;;
-> trim(a)
}
/* creates a bigint on the stack; should not be modified. */
const bigdigit = {v, isneg : bool, val : uint64, dig
v.sign = 1
if isneg
val = -val
v.sign = -1
;;
if val == 0
v.sign = 0
v.dig = [][:]
elif val < Base
v.dig = dig[:1]
v.dig[0] = val castto(uint32)
else
v.dig = dig
v.dig[0] = val castto(uint32)
v.dig[1] = (val >> 32) castto(uint32)
;;
}
/* trims leading zeros */
const trim = {a
var i
for i = a.dig.len; i > 0; i--
if a.dig[i - 1] != 0
break
;;
;;
slgrow(&a.dig, i)
if i == 0
a.sign = 0
elif a.sign == 0
a.sign = 1
;;
-> a
}