ref: 60b64002196eb39d59a4d4263a98fe9f8dcb187e
dir: /sys/man/6/utf/
.TH UTF 6 .SH NAME UTF, Unicode, ASCII, rune \- character set and format .SH DESCRIPTION The Plan 9 character set and representation are based on the Unicode Standard and on the ISO multibyte .SM UTF-8 encoding (Universal Character Set Transformation Format, 8 bits wide). The Unicode Standard represents its characters in 21 bits; .SM UTF-8 represents such values in an 8-bit byte stream. Throughout this manual, .SM UTF-8 is shortened to .SM UTF. .PP In Plan 9, a .I rune is a 32-bit quantity representing a Unicode character. Internally, programs may store characters as runes. However, any external manifestation of textual information, in files or at the interface between programs, uses a machine-independent, byte-stream encoding called .SM UTF. .PP .SM UTF is designed so the 7-bit .SM ASCII set (values hexadecimal 00 to 7F), appear only as themselves in the encoding. Runes with values above 7F appear as sequences of two or more bytes with values only from 80 to FF. .PP The .SM UTF encoding of the Unicode Standard is backward compatible with .SM ASCII\c : programs presented only with .SM ASCII work on Plan 9 even if not written to deal with .SM UTF, as do programs that deal with uninterpreted byte streams. However, programs that perform semantic processing on .SM ASCII graphic characters must convert from .SM UTF to runes in order to work properly with non-\c .SM ASCII input. See .IR rune (2). .PP Letting numbers be binary, a rune x is converted to a multibyte .SM UTF sequence as follows: .PP 001. x in [00000000.00000000.0bbbbbbb] → 0bbbbbbb .br 010. x in [00000000.00000bbb.bbbbbbbb] → 110bbbbb, 10bbbbbb .br 011. x in [00000000.bbbbbbbb.bbbbbbbb] → 1110bbbb, 10bbbbbb, 10bbbbbb .br 100. x in [000bbbbb.bbbbbbbb.bbbbbbbb] → 11110bbb, 10bbbbbb, 10bbbbbb, 10bbbbbb .br .PP Conversion 001 provides a one-byte sequence that spans the .SM ASCII character set in a compatible way. Conversions 010, 011 and 100 represent higher-valued characters as sequences of two, three or four bytes with the high bit set. Plan 9 does not support the 5 and 6 byte sequences proposed by X-Open. When there are multiple ways to encode a value, for example rune 0, the shortest encoding is used. .PP In the inverse mapping, any sequence except those described above is incorrect and is converted to rune hexadecimal FFFD. .SH FILES .TF "/lib/unicode " .TP .B /lib/unicode table of characters and descriptions, suitable for .IR look (1). .SH "SEE ALSO" .IR ascii (1), .IR tcs (1), .IR rune (2), .IR keyboard (6), .IR "The Unicode Standard" .