ref: e820b366b91729313c68be04b413e8894efc4421
dir: /docs/content/en/content-management/formats.md/
---
title: Content Formats
linktitle: Content Formats
description: Both HTML and Markdown are supported content formats.
date: 2017-01-10
publishdate: 2017-01-10
lastmod: 2017-04-06
categories: [content management]
keywords: [markdown,asciidoc,mmark,pandoc,content format]
menu:
docs:
parent: "content-management"
weight: 20
weight: 20 #rem
draft: false
aliases: [/content/markdown-extras/,/content/supported-formats/,/doc/supported-formats/]
toc: true
---
You can put any file type into your `/content` directories, but Hugo uses the `markup` front matter value if set or the file extension (see `Markup identifiers` in the table below) to determine if the markup needs to be processed, e.g.:
* Markdown converted to HTML
* [Shortcodes](/content-management/shortcodes/) processed
* Layout applied
## List of content formats
The current list of content formats in Hugo:
| Name | Markup identifiers | Comment |
| ------------- | ------------- |-------------|
| Goldmark | md, markdown, goldmark |Note that you can set the default handler of `md` and `markdown` to something else, see [Configure Markup](/getting-started/configuration-markup/).{{< new-in "0.60.0" >}} |
| Blackfriday | blackfriday |Blackfriday will eventually be deprecated.|
|MMark|mmark|Mmark is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.|
|Emacs Org-Mode|org|See [go-org](https://github.com/niklasfasching/go-org).|
|AsciiDoc|asciidocext, adoc, ad|Needs [Asciidoctor][ascii] installed.|
|RST|rst|Needs [RST](http://docutils.sourceforge.net/rst.html) installed.|
|Pandoc|pandoc, pdc|Needs [Pandoc](https://www.pandoc.org/) installed.|
|HTML|html, htm|To be treated as a content file, with layout, shortcodes etc., it must have front matter. If not, it will be copied as-is.|
The `markup identifier` is fetched from either the `markup` variable in front matter or from the file extension. For markup-related configuration, see [Configure Markup](/getting-started/configuration-markup/).
## External Helpers
Some of the formats in the table above needs external helpers installed on your PC. For example, for AsciiDoc files,
Hugo will try to call the `asciidoctor` command. This means that you will have to install the associated
tool on your machine to be able to use these formats.
Hugo passes reasonable default arguments to these external helpers by default:
- `asciidoctor`: `--no-header-footer --trace -`
- `rst2html`: `--leave-comments --initial-header-level=2`
- `pandoc`: `--mathjax`
{{% warning "Performance of External Helpers" %}}
Because additional formats are external commands, generation performance will rely heavily on the performance of the external tool you are using. As this feature is still in its infancy, feedback is welcome.
{{% /warning %}}
### External Helper AsciiDoc
[AsciiDoc](https://github.com/asciidoc/asciidoc) implementation EOLs in Jan 2020 and is no longer supported.
AsciiDoc development is being continued under [Asciidoctor](https://github.com/asciidoctor). The format AsciiDoc
remains of course. Please continue with the implementation Asciidoctor.
### External Helper Asciidoctor
The Asciidoctor community offers a wide set of tools for the AsciiDoc format that can be installed additionally to Hugo.
[See the Asciidoctor docs for installation instructions](https://asciidoctor.org/docs/install-toolchain/). Make sure that also all
optional extensions like `asciidoctor-diagram` or `asciidoctor-html5s` are installed if required.
Asciidoctor parameters can be customized in Hugo:
Parameter | Default | Comment
--- | --- | ---
backend | `html5` | Don't change this unless you know what you are doing.
doctype | `article` | Currently supported Document type is `article`.
extensions | | Possible extensions are `asciidoctor-html5s`, `asciidoctor-bibtex`, `asciidoctor-diagram`, `asciidoctor-interdoc-reftext`, `asciidoctor-katex`, `asciidoctor-latex`, `asciidoctor-mathematical`, `asciidoctor-question`, `asciidoctor-rouge`.
attributes | | Variables to be referenced in your `adoc` file. This is a list of variable name/value maps. See [Asciidoctor#attributes](https://asciidoctor.org/docs/asciidoc-syntax-quick-reference/#attributes-and-substitutions).
noheaderorfooter | true | Output an embeddable document, which excludes the header, the footer, and everything outside the body of the document. Don't change this unless you know what you are doing.
safemode | `unsafe` | Safe mode level `unsafe`, `safe`, `server` or `secure`. Don't change this unless you know what you are doing.
sectionnumbers | `false` | Auto-number section titles.
verbose | `false` | Verbosely print processing information and configuration file checks to stderr.
trace | `true` | Include backtrace information on errors.
failurelevel | `fatal` | The minimum logging level that triggers a non-zero exit code (failure).
workingfoldercurrent | `false` | Set the working folder to the rendered `adoc` file, so [include](https://asciidoctor.org/docs/asciidoc-syntax-quick-reference/#include-files) will work with relative paths. This setting uses the `asciidoctor` cli parameter `--base-dir` and attribute `outdir=`. For rendering [asciidoctor-diagram](https://asciidoctor.org/docs/asciidoctor-diagram/) `workingfoldercurrent` must be set to `true`.
```
[markup.asciidocext]
extensions = ["asciidoctor-html5s", "asciidoctor-diagram"]
workingFolderCurrent = true
[markup.asciidocext.attributes]
my-base-url = "https://example.com/"
my-attribute-name = "my value"
```
Important: External `asciidoctor` requires Hugo rendering to _disk_ to a specific destination folder. It is required to run Hugo with the command option `--destination`!
In a complex Asciidoctor environment it is sometimes helpful to debug the exact call to your external helper with all
parameters. Run Hugo with `-v`. You will get an output like
```
INFO 2019/12/22 09:08:48 Rendering book-as-pdf.adoc with C:\Ruby26-x64\bin\asciidoctor.bat using asciidoc args [--no-header-footer -r asciidoctor-html5s -b html5s -r asciidoctor-diagram --base-dir D:\prototypes\hugo_asciidoc_ddd\docs -a outdir=D:\prototypes\hugo_asciidoc_ddd\build -] ...
```
## Learn Markdown
Markdown syntax is simple enough to learn in a single sitting. The following are excellent resources to get you up and running:
* [Daring Fireball: Markdown, John Gruber (Creator of Markdown)][fireball]
* [Markdown Cheatsheet, Adam Pritchard][mdcheatsheet]
* [Markdown Tutorial (Interactive), Garen Torikian][mdtutorial]
* [The Markdown Guide, Matt Cone][mdguide]
[`emojify` function]: /functions/emojify/
[ascii]: https://asciidoctor.org/
[bfconfig]: /getting-started/configuration/#configuring-blackfriday-rendering
[blackfriday]: https://github.com/russross/blackfriday
[mmark]: https://github.com/miekg/mmark
[config]: /getting-started/configuration/
[developer tools]: /tools/
[emojis]: https://www.webpagefx.com/tools/emoji-cheat-sheet/
[fireball]: https://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/
[gfmtasks]: https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/#syntax
[helperssource]: https://github.com/gohugoio/hugo/blob/77c60a3440806067109347d04eb5368b65ea0fe8/helpers/general.go#L65
[hl]: /content-management/syntax-highlighting/
[hlsc]: /content-management/shortcodes/#highlight
[hugocss]: /css/style.css
[ietf]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/
[mathjaxdocs]: https://docs.mathjax.org/en/latest/
[mdcheatsheet]: https://github.com/adam-p/markdown-here/wiki/Markdown-Cheatsheet
[mdguide]: https://www.markdownguide.org/
[mdtutorial]: https://www.markdowntutorial.com/
[Miek Gieben's website]: https://miek.nl/2016/march/05/mmark-syntax-document/
[mmark]: https://github.com/mmarkdown/mmark
[org]: https://orgmode.org/
[pandoc]: https://www.pandoc.org/
[Pygments]: https://pygments.org/
[rest]: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/rst.html
[sc]: /content-management/shortcodes/
[sct]: /templates/shortcode-templates/