ref: a3392d57180756bcc01b1c52b40afc1767bf1e52
parent: 9daf3154db8e5225ebc69fb120389ff9b2a9dd3f
author: Paul Wilkins <paulwilkins@google.com>
date: Tue Mar 27 09:01:34 EDT 2012
T8x8 zbin and rate control changes. Some adjustments to zbin for t8x8. Changes to rules for sizing forced key frames. Some extra stats output in tmp.stt. Approximate gain on YT-hd set 0.5% There are still issues in sizing key frames and gf/arf frames when the image is largely static. These in part relate to problems with cost estimates in the recode loop. Change-Id: I6f0159dc8a8faeab4115a19c668d442491619a68
--- a/vp8/encoder/block.h
+++ b/vp8/encoder/block.h
@@ -33,10 +33,12 @@
// 16 Y blocks, 4 U blocks, 4 V blocks each with 16 entries
short *quant;
- short *quant_fast;
+ short *quant_fast; // fast quant deprecated for now
unsigned char *quant_shift;
short *zbin;
+ short *zbin_8x8;
short *zrun_zbin_boost;
+ short *zrun_zbin_boost_8x8;
short *round;
// Zbin Over Quant value
--- a/vp8/encoder/onyx_if.c
+++ b/vp8/encoder/onyx_if.c
@@ -2890,6 +2890,8 @@
int overshoot_seen = FALSE;
int undershoot_seen = FALSE;
+ int loop_size_estimate = 0;
+
// Clear down mmx registers to allow floating point in what follows
vp8_clear_system_state();
@@ -3320,9 +3322,12 @@
// Prevent possible divide by zero error below for perfect KF
kf_err += (!kf_err);
- // The key frame is not good enough
- if ( (kf_err > high_err_target) &&
- (cpi->projected_frame_size <= frame_over_shoot_limit) )
+ // The key frame is not good enough or we can afford
+ // to make it better without undue risk of popping.
+ if ( ( (kf_err > high_err_target) &&
+ (cpi->projected_frame_size <= frame_over_shoot_limit) ) ||
+ ( (kf_err > low_err_target) &&
+ (cpi->projected_frame_size <= frame_under_shoot_limit) ) )
{// Lower q_high
q_high = (Q > q_low) ? (Q - 1) : q_low;
@@ -3612,6 +3617,9 @@
* needed in motion search besides loopfilter */
cm->last_frame_type = cm->frame_type;
+ // Keep a copy of the size estimate used in the loop
+ loop_size_estimate = cpi->projected_frame_size;
+
// Update rate control heuristics
cpi->total_byte_count += (*size);
cpi->projected_frame_size = (*size) << 3;
@@ -3747,16 +3755,21 @@
#if 0 && CONFIG_INTERNAL_STATS
{ FILE *f = fopen("tmp.stt", "a");+ int recon_err;
vp8_clear_system_state(); //__asm emms;
+ recon_err = vp8_calc_ss_err(cpi->Source,
+ &cm->yv12_fb[cm->new_fb_idx],
+ IF_RTCD(&cpi->rtcd.variance));
+
if (cpi->twopass.total_left_stats->coded_error != 0.0)
- fprintf(f, "%10d %10d %10d %10d %10d %10d %10d"
+ fprintf(f, "%10d %10d %10d %10d %10d %10d %10d %10d"
"%7.2f %7.2f %7.2f %7.2f %7.2f %7.2f %7.2f"
"%6d %5d %5d %5d %8d %8.2f %10d %10.3f"
- "%10.3f %8d\n",
+ "%10.3f %8d %10d\n",
cpi->common.current_video_frame, cpi->this_frame_target,
- cpi->projected_frame_size,
+ cpi->projected_frame_size, loop_size_estimate,
(cpi->projected_frame_size - cpi->this_frame_target),
(int)cpi->total_target_vs_actual,
(cpi->oxcf.starting_buffer_level-cpi->bits_off_target),
@@ -3777,14 +3790,15 @@
cpi->twopass.total_left_stats->coded_error,
(double)cpi->twopass.bits_left /
cpi->twopass.total_left_stats->coded_error,
- cpi->tot_recode_hits);
+ cpi->tot_recode_hits, recon_err);
else
- fprintf(f, "%10d %10d %10d %10d %10d %10d %10d"
+ fprintf(f, "%10d %10d %10d %10d %10d %10d %10d %10d"
"%7.2f %7.2f %7.2f %7.2f %7.2f %7.2f %7.2f"
"%6d %5d %5d %5d %8d %8.2f %10d %10.3f"
- "%8d\n",
+ "%8d %10d\n",
cpi->common.current_video_frame,
cpi->this_frame_target, cpi->projected_frame_size,
+ loop_size_estimate,
(cpi->projected_frame_size - cpi->this_frame_target),
(int)cpi->total_target_vs_actual,
(cpi->oxcf.starting_buffer_level-cpi->bits_off_target),
@@ -3803,7 +3817,7 @@
cpi->twopass.est_max_qcorrection_factor,
(int)cpi->twopass.bits_left,
cpi->twopass.total_left_stats->coded_error,
- cpi->tot_recode_hits);
+ cpi->tot_recode_hits, recon_err);
fclose(f);
--- a/vp8/encoder/onyx_int.h
+++ b/vp8/encoder/onyx_int.h
@@ -301,10 +301,13 @@
DECLARE_ALIGNED(16, short, zrun_zbin_boost_y1[QINDEX_RANGE][16]);
DECLARE_ALIGNED(16, short, zrun_zbin_boost_y2[QINDEX_RANGE][16]);
DECLARE_ALIGNED(16, short, zrun_zbin_boost_uv[QINDEX_RANGE][16]);
- DECLARE_ALIGNED(16, short, Y1quant_fast[QINDEX_RANGE][16]);
- DECLARE_ALIGNED(16, short, Y2quant_fast[QINDEX_RANGE][16]);
- DECLARE_ALIGNED(16, short, UVquant_fast[QINDEX_RANGE][16]);
+ DECLARE_ALIGNED(64, short, Y1zbin_8x8[QINDEX_RANGE][64]);
+ DECLARE_ALIGNED(64, short, Y2zbin_8x8[QINDEX_RANGE][64]);
+ DECLARE_ALIGNED(64, short, UVzbin_8x8[QINDEX_RANGE][64]);
+ DECLARE_ALIGNED(64, short, zrun_zbin_boost_y1_8x8[QINDEX_RANGE][64]);
+ DECLARE_ALIGNED(64, short, zrun_zbin_boost_y2_8x8[QINDEX_RANGE][64]);
+ DECLARE_ALIGNED(64, short, zrun_zbin_boost_uv_8x8[QINDEX_RANGE][64]);
MACROBLOCK mb;
VP8_COMMON common;
--- a/vp8/encoder/quantize.c
+++ b/vp8/encoder/quantize.c
@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@
z = coeff_ptr[rc];
zbin = zbin_ptr[rc] + *zbin_boost_ptr + zbin_oq_value;
-
zbin_boost_ptr ++;
+
sz = (z >> 31); // sign of z
x = (z ^ sz) - sz; // x = abs(z)
@@ -117,6 +117,7 @@
int zbin;
int x, y, z, sz;
short *zbin_boost_ptr = b->zrun_zbin_boost;
+ int zbin_zrun_index = 0;
short *coeff_ptr = b->coeff;
short *zbin_ptr = b->zbin;
short *round_ptr = b->round;
@@ -137,29 +138,26 @@
rc = vp8_default_zig_zag1d[i];
z = coeff_ptr[rc];
- //zbin = (zbin_ptr[rc] + *zbin_boost_ptr + zbin_oq_value)/q2nd;
+ zbin_boost_ptr = &b->zrun_zbin_boost[zbin_zrun_index];
+ zbin_zrun_index += 4;
zbin = (zbin_ptr[rc] + *zbin_boost_ptr + zbin_oq_value);
- zbin_boost_ptr ++;
- sz = (z >> 31); // sign of z
- x = (z ^ sz) - sz; // x = abs(z)
+ sz = (z >> 31); // sign of z
+ x = (z ^ sz) - sz; // x = abs(z)
if (x >= zbin)
{- //x += (round_ptr[rc]/q2nd);
x += (round_ptr[rc]);
y = ((int)((int)(x * quant_ptr[rc]) >> 16) + x)
>> quant_shift_ptr[rc]; // quantize (x)
x = (y ^ sz) - sz; // get the sign back
- qcoeff_ptr[rc] = x; // write to destination
- //dqcoeff_ptr[rc] = x * dequant_ptr[rc]/q2nd; // dequantized value
- dqcoeff_ptr[rc] = x * dequant_ptr[rc]; // dequantized value
+ qcoeff_ptr[rc] = x; // write to destination
+ dqcoeff_ptr[rc] = x * dequant_ptr[rc]; // dequantized value
-
if (y)
{- eob = i; // last nonzero coeffs
- zbin_boost_ptr = &b->zrun_zbin_boost[0]; // reset zero runlength
+ eob = i; // last nonzero coeffs
+ zbin_zrun_index = 0;
}
}
}
@@ -172,9 +170,9 @@
int i, rc, eob;
int zbin;
int x, y, z, sz;
- short *zbin_boost_ptr = b->zrun_zbin_boost;
+ short *zbin_boost_ptr = b->zrun_zbin_boost_8x8;
short *coeff_ptr = b->coeff;
- short *zbin_ptr = b->zbin;
+ short *zbin_ptr = b->zbin_8x8;
short *round_ptr = b->round;
short *quant_ptr = b->quant;
unsigned char *quant_shift_ptr = b->quant_shift;
@@ -182,7 +180,6 @@
short *dqcoeff_ptr = d->dqcoeff;
short *dequant_ptr = d->dequant;
short zbin_oq_value = b->zbin_extra;
- //double q1st = 2;
vpx_memset(qcoeff_ptr, 0, 64*sizeof(short));
vpx_memset(dqcoeff_ptr, 0, 64*sizeof(short));
@@ -191,36 +188,28 @@
for (i = 0; i < b->eob_max_offset_8x8; i++)
{-
rc = vp8_default_zig_zag1d_8x8[i];
z = coeff_ptr[rc];
- //zbin = (zbin_ptr[rc!=0] + *zbin_boost_ptr + zbin_oq_value)/q1st;
zbin = (zbin_ptr[rc!=0] + *zbin_boost_ptr + zbin_oq_value);
- //TODO: 8x8 zbin boost needs be done properly
- if(zbin_boost_ptr < &b->zrun_zbin_boost[15])
- zbin_boost_ptr ++;
+ zbin_boost_ptr ++;
- sz = (z >> 31); // sign of z
- x = (z ^ sz) - sz; // x = abs(z)
+ sz = (z >> 31); // sign of z
+ x = (z ^ sz) - sz; // x = abs(z)
if (x >= zbin)
{- //x += (round_ptr[rc!=0]/q1st);
- //y = ((int)(((int)(x * quant_ptr[rc!=0] * q1st) >> 16) + x))
- // >> quant_shift_ptr[rc!=0]; // quantize (x)
x += (round_ptr[rc!=0]);
y = ((int)(((int)(x * quant_ptr[rc!=0]) >> 16) + x))
- >> quant_shift_ptr[rc!=0]; // quantize (x)
+ >> quant_shift_ptr[rc!=0]; // quantize (x)
x = (y ^ sz) - sz; // get the sign back
- qcoeff_ptr[rc] = x; // write to destination
- //dqcoeff_ptr[rc] = x * dequant_ptr[rc!=0] / q1st; // dequantized value
- dqcoeff_ptr[rc] = x * dequant_ptr[rc!=0]; // dequantized value
+ qcoeff_ptr[rc] = x; // write to destination
+ dqcoeff_ptr[rc] = x * dequant_ptr[rc!=0]; // dequantized value
if (y)
{- eob = i; // last nonzero coeffs
- zbin_boost_ptr = &b->zrun_zbin_boost[0]; // reset zero runlength
+ eob = i; // last nonzero coeffs
+ zbin_boost_ptr = b->zrun_zbin_boost_8x8;
}
}
}
@@ -307,6 +296,16 @@
int Q;
int zbin_boost[16] = { 0, 0, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20,24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 44, 44};
+
+ int zbin_boost_8x8[64] = { 0, 0, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20,+ 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 52,
+ 56, 60, 64, 68, 72, 76, 80, 80,
+ 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80,
+ 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80,
+ 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80,
+ 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80,
+ 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80 };
+
int qrounding_factor = 48;
for (Q = 0; Q < QINDEX_RANGE; Q++)
@@ -315,64 +314,93 @@
// dc values
quant_val = vp8_dc_quant(Q, cpi->common.y1dc_delta_q);
- cpi->Y1quant_fast[Q][0] = (1 << 16) / quant_val;
invert_quant(cpi->Y1quant[Q] + 0,
cpi->Y1quant_shift[Q] + 0, quant_val);
cpi->Y1zbin[Q][0] = ((qzbin_factor * quant_val) + 64) >> 7;
+ cpi->Y1zbin_8x8[Q][0] = ((qzbin_factor * quant_val) + 64) >> 7;
cpi->Y1round[Q][0] = (qrounding_factor * quant_val) >> 7;
cpi->common.Y1dequant[Q][0] = quant_val;
cpi->zrun_zbin_boost_y1[Q][0] = (quant_val * zbin_boost[0]) >> 7;
+ cpi->zrun_zbin_boost_y1_8x8[Q][0] =
+ ((quant_val * zbin_boost_8x8[0]) + 64) >> 7;
quant_val = vp8_dc2quant(Q, cpi->common.y2dc_delta_q);
- cpi->Y2quant_fast[Q][0] = (1 << 16) / quant_val;
invert_quant(cpi->Y2quant[Q] + 0,
cpi->Y2quant_shift[Q] + 0, quant_val);
cpi->Y2zbin[Q][0] = ((qzbin_factor * quant_val) + 64) >> 7;
+ cpi->Y2zbin_8x8[Q][0] = ((qzbin_factor * quant_val) + 64) >> 7;
cpi->Y2round[Q][0] = (qrounding_factor * quant_val) >> 7;
cpi->common.Y2dequant[Q][0] = quant_val;
cpi->zrun_zbin_boost_y2[Q][0] = (quant_val * zbin_boost[0]) >> 7;
+ cpi->zrun_zbin_boost_y2_8x8[Q][0] =
+ ((quant_val * zbin_boost_8x8[0]) + 64) >> 7;
quant_val = vp8_dc_uv_quant(Q, cpi->common.uvdc_delta_q);
- cpi->UVquant_fast[Q][0] = (1 << 16) / quant_val;
invert_quant(cpi->UVquant[Q] + 0,
cpi->UVquant_shift[Q] + 0, quant_val);
cpi->UVzbin[Q][0] = ((qzbin_factor * quant_val) + 64) >> 7;;
+ cpi->UVzbin_8x8[Q][0] = ((qzbin_factor * quant_val) + 64) >> 7;;
cpi->UVround[Q][0] = (qrounding_factor * quant_val) >> 7;
cpi->common.UVdequant[Q][0] = quant_val;
cpi->zrun_zbin_boost_uv[Q][0] = (quant_val * zbin_boost[0]) >> 7;
+ cpi->zrun_zbin_boost_uv_8x8[Q][0] =
+ ((quant_val * zbin_boost_8x8[0]) + 64) >> 7;
- // all the ac values = ;
+ // all the 4x4 ac values = ;
for (i = 1; i < 16; i++)
{int rc = vp8_default_zig_zag1d[i];
quant_val = vp8_ac_yquant(Q);
- cpi->Y1quant_fast[Q][rc] = (1 << 16) / quant_val;
invert_quant(cpi->Y1quant[Q] + rc,
cpi->Y1quant_shift[Q] + rc, quant_val);
cpi->Y1zbin[Q][rc] = ((qzbin_factor * quant_val) + 64) >> 7;
cpi->Y1round[Q][rc] = (qrounding_factor * quant_val) >> 7;
cpi->common.Y1dequant[Q][rc] = quant_val;
- cpi->zrun_zbin_boost_y1[Q][i] = (quant_val * zbin_boost[i]) >> 7;
+ cpi->zrun_zbin_boost_y1[Q][i] =
+ ((quant_val * zbin_boost[i]) + 64) >> 7;
quant_val = vp8_ac2quant(Q, cpi->common.y2ac_delta_q);
- cpi->Y2quant_fast[Q][rc] = (1 << 16) / quant_val;
invert_quant(cpi->Y2quant[Q] + rc,
cpi->Y2quant_shift[Q] + rc, quant_val);
cpi->Y2zbin[Q][rc] = ((qzbin_factor * quant_val) + 64) >> 7;
cpi->Y2round[Q][rc] = (qrounding_factor * quant_val) >> 7;
cpi->common.Y2dequant[Q][rc] = quant_val;
- cpi->zrun_zbin_boost_y2[Q][i] = (quant_val * zbin_boost[i]) >> 7;
+ cpi->zrun_zbin_boost_y2[Q][i] =
+ ((quant_val * zbin_boost[i]) + 64) >> 7;
quant_val = vp8_ac_uv_quant(Q, cpi->common.uvac_delta_q);
- cpi->UVquant_fast[Q][rc] = (1 << 16) / quant_val;
invert_quant(cpi->UVquant[Q] + rc,
cpi->UVquant_shift[Q] + rc, quant_val);
cpi->UVzbin[Q][rc] = ((qzbin_factor * quant_val) + 64) >> 7;
cpi->UVround[Q][rc] = (qrounding_factor * quant_val) >> 7;
cpi->common.UVdequant[Q][rc] = quant_val;
- cpi->zrun_zbin_boost_uv[Q][i] = (quant_val * zbin_boost[i]) >> 7;
+ cpi->zrun_zbin_boost_uv[Q][i] =
+ ((quant_val * zbin_boost[i]) + 64) >> 7;
}
+
+ // 8x8 structures... only zbin seperated out for now
+ // This needs cleaning up for 8x8 especially if we are to add
+ // support for non flat Q matices
+ for (i = 1; i < 64; i++)
+ {+ int rc = vp8_default_zig_zag1d_8x8[i];
+
+ quant_val = vp8_ac_yquant(Q);
+ cpi->Y1zbin_8x8[Q][rc] = ((qzbin_factor * quant_val) + 64) >> 7;
+ cpi->zrun_zbin_boost_y1_8x8[Q][i] =
+ ((quant_val * zbin_boost_8x8[i]) + 64) >> 7;
+
+ quant_val = vp8_ac2quant(Q, cpi->common.y2ac_delta_q);
+ cpi->Y2zbin_8x8[Q][rc] = ((qzbin_factor * quant_val) + 64) >> 7;
+ cpi->zrun_zbin_boost_y2_8x8[Q][i] =
+ ((quant_val * zbin_boost_8x8[i]) + 64) >> 7;
+
+ quant_val = vp8_ac_uv_quant(Q, cpi->common.uvac_delta_q);
+ cpi->UVzbin_8x8[Q][rc] = ((qzbin_factor * quant_val) + 64) >> 7;
+ cpi->zrun_zbin_boost_uv_8x8[Q][i] =
+ ((quant_val * zbin_boost_8x8[i]) + 64) >> 7;
+ }
}
}
@@ -413,12 +441,13 @@
for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
{x->block[i].quant = cpi->Y1quant[QIndex];
- x->block[i].quant_fast = cpi->Y1quant_fast[QIndex];
x->block[i].quant_shift = cpi->Y1quant_shift[QIndex];
x->block[i].zbin = cpi->Y1zbin[QIndex];
+ x->block[i].zbin_8x8 = cpi->Y1zbin_8x8[QIndex];
x->block[i].round = cpi->Y1round[QIndex];
x->e_mbd.block[i].dequant = cpi->common.Y1dequant[QIndex];
x->block[i].zrun_zbin_boost = cpi->zrun_zbin_boost_y1[QIndex];
+ x->block[i].zrun_zbin_boost_8x8 = cpi->zrun_zbin_boost_y1_8x8[QIndex];
x->block[i].zbin_extra = (short)zbin_extra;
// Segment max eob offset feature.
@@ -445,12 +474,14 @@
for (i = 16; i < 24; i++)
{x->block[i].quant = cpi->UVquant[QIndex];
- x->block[i].quant_fast = cpi->UVquant_fast[QIndex];
x->block[i].quant_shift = cpi->UVquant_shift[QIndex];
x->block[i].zbin = cpi->UVzbin[QIndex];
+ x->block[i].zbin_8x8 = cpi->UVzbin_8x8[QIndex];
x->block[i].round = cpi->UVround[QIndex];
x->e_mbd.block[i].dequant = cpi->common.UVdequant[QIndex];
x->block[i].zrun_zbin_boost = cpi->zrun_zbin_boost_uv[QIndex];
+ x->block[i].zrun_zbin_boost_8x8 = cpi->zrun_zbin_boost_uv_8x8[QIndex];
+
x->block[i].zbin_extra = (short)zbin_extra;
// Segment max eob offset feature.
@@ -474,13 +505,14 @@
cpi->zbin_mode_boost +
x->act_zbin_adj ) ) >> 7;
- x->block[24].quant_fast = cpi->Y2quant_fast[QIndex];
x->block[24].quant = cpi->Y2quant[QIndex];
x->block[24].quant_shift = cpi->Y2quant_shift[QIndex];
x->block[24].zbin = cpi->Y2zbin[QIndex];
+ x->block[24].zbin_8x8 = cpi->Y2zbin_8x8[QIndex];
x->block[24].round = cpi->Y2round[QIndex];
x->e_mbd.block[24].dequant = cpi->common.Y2dequant[QIndex];
x->block[24].zrun_zbin_boost = cpi->zrun_zbin_boost_y2[QIndex];
+ x->block[24].zrun_zbin_boost_8x8 = cpi->zrun_zbin_boost_y2_8x8[QIndex];
x->block[24].zbin_extra = (short)zbin_extra;
// TBD perhaps not use for Y2
--- a/vp8/encoder/rdopt.c
+++ b/vp8/encoder/rdopt.c
@@ -1510,10 +1510,12 @@
x->e_mbd.mode_info_context->mbmi.uv_mode = mode_selected;
}
-int vp8_cost_mv_ref(VP8_COMMON *pc,
+int vp8_cost_mv_ref(VP8_COMP *cpi,
MB_PREDICTION_MODE m,
const int near_mv_ref_ct[4])
{+ VP8_COMMON *pc = &cpi->common;
+
vp8_prob p [VP8_MVREFS-1];
assert(NEARESTMV <= m && m <= SPLITMV);
vp8_mv_ref_probs(pc, p, near_mv_ref_ct);
@@ -1737,7 +1739,7 @@
// Segmentation method overheads
rate = vp8_cost_token(vp8_mbsplit_tree, vp8_mbsplit_probs, vp8_mbsplit_encodings + segmentation);
- rate += vp8_cost_mv_ref(&cpi->common, SPLITMV, bsi->mdcounts);
+ rate += vp8_cost_mv_ref(cpi, SPLITMV, bsi->mdcounts);
this_segment_rd += RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rate, 0);
br += rate;
@@ -3093,10 +3095,10 @@
}
}
}
- //intermodecost[mode_index] = vp8_cost_mv_ref(this_mode, mdcounts); // Experimental debug code
+ //intermodecost[mode_index] = vp8_cost_mv_ref(cpi, this_mode, mdcounts); // Experimental debug code
// Add in the Mv/mode cost
- rate2 += vp8_cost_mv_ref(&cpi->common, this_mode, mdcounts);
+ rate2 += vp8_cost_mv_ref(cpi, this_mode, mdcounts);
// Y cost and distortion
if(cpi->common.txfm_mode == ALLOW_8X8)
@@ -3181,7 +3183,7 @@
}
/* Add in the Mv/mode cost */
- rate2 += vp8_cost_mv_ref(&cpi->common,this_mode, mdcounts);
+ rate2 += vp8_cost_mv_ref(cpi, this_mode, mdcounts);
vp8_clamp_mv2(&x->e_mbd.mode_info_context->mbmi.mv, xd);
vp8_clamp_mv2(&x->e_mbd.mode_info_context->mbmi.second_mv, xd);
@@ -3368,7 +3370,8 @@
x->e_mbd.mode_info_context->mbmi.mv.as_int = 0;
}
- other_cost += ref_costs[x->e_mbd.mode_info_context->mbmi.ref_frame];
+ other_cost +=
+ ref_costs[x->e_mbd.mode_info_context->mbmi.ref_frame];
/* Calculate the final y RD estimate for this mode */
best_yrd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, (rate2-rate_uv-other_cost),
--
⑨