shithub: gefs

Download patch

ref: 99c900d718ea1343036656b7384af56bcad2f28f
parent: c46f9289b1ad30f5263292b93fb64c7fdefb35af
author: Ori Bernstein <ori@eigenstate.org>
date: Wed Dec 22 19:06:28 EST 2021

snapshots: record deadlists

we don't free them yet.

--- a/blk.c
+++ b/blk.c
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@
 	char *p;
 
 	assert(off % Blksz == 0);
-	assert(op == LogAlloc || op == LogFree);
+	assert(op == LogAlloc || op == LogFree || op == LogDead);
 	lb = ol->tail;
 	if(lb == nil || lb->logsz > Logspc - 8){
 		pb = lb;
@@ -211,16 +211,17 @@
 		}
 	}
 
+	if(len == Blksz && op == LogAlloc)
+		op = LogAlloc1;
+	if(len == Blksz && op == LogFree)
+		op = LogFree1;
+	off |= op;
 	p = lb->data + lb->logsz;
-	if(len == Blksz){
-		off |= (op & ~Log2w);
-		PBIT64(p, off);
-		lb->logsz += 8;
-	}else{
-		off |= op;
-		PBIT64(p+0, off);
+	PBIT64(p, off);
+	lb->logsz += 8;
+	if(op >= Log2wide){
 		PBIT64(p+8, len);
-		lb->logsz += 16;
+		lb->logsz += 8;
 	}
 	/* this gets overwritten by the next append */
 	p = lb->data + lb->logsz;
@@ -228,6 +229,30 @@
 	return lb;
 }
 
+int
+deadlistappend(Tree *t, Bptr bp)
+{
+	Oplog *l;
+	Blk *b;
+	int i;
+
+	dprint("deadlisted %B\n", bp);
+	l = nil;
+	for(i = 0; i < Ndead; i++){
+		if(bp.gen >= t->prev[i]){
+			l = &t->dead[i];
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	if((b = logappend(l, nil, bp.addr, Blksz, LogDead)) == nil)
+		return -1;
+	if(l->head == -1)
+		l->head = b->bp.addr;
+	if(l->tail != b)
+		l->tail = b;
+	return 0;
+}
+
 /*
  * Logs an allocation. Must be called
  * with arena lock held. Duplicates some/c
@@ -235,7 +260,7 @@
  * recursion.
  */
 int
-logop(Arena *a, vlong off, int op)
+freelistappend(Arena *a, vlong off, int op)
 {
 	Blk *b;
 
@@ -243,7 +268,7 @@
 		return -1;
 	if(a->log.head == -1)
 		a->log.head = b->bp.addr;
-	if(b != a->log.tail)
+	if(a->log.tail != b)
 		a->log.tail = b;
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -251,11 +276,11 @@
 int
 loadlog(Arena *a)
 {
-	Blk *b;
 	vlong bp, ent, off, len;
-	uvlong bh;
-	char *p, *d;
 	int op, i, n;
+	uvlong bh;
+	char *d;
+	Blk *b;
 
 
 	bp = a->log.head;
@@ -264,10 +289,9 @@
 	if((b = readblk(bp, 0)) == nil)
 		return -1;
 	cacheblk(b);
-	p = b->data;
-	bh = GBIT64(p + 0);
+	bh = GBIT64(b->data);
 	/* the hash covers the log and offset */
-	if(bh != siphash(p+8, Blkspc-8)){
+	if(bh != siphash(b->data+8, Blkspc-8)){
 		werrstr("corrupt log");
 		return -1;
 	}
@@ -276,7 +300,7 @@
 		ent = GBIT64(d);
 		op = ent & 0xff;
 		off = ent & ~0xff;
-		n = (op & Log2w) ? 16 : 8;
+		n = (op >= Log2wide) ? 16 : 8;
 		switch(op){
 		case LogEnd:
 			dprint("log@%d: end\n", i);
@@ -299,7 +323,7 @@
 			break;
 		case LogAlloc:
 		case LogAlloc1:
-			len = (op & Log2w) ? GBIT64(d+8) : Blksz;
+			len = (op >= Log2wide) ? GBIT64(d+8) : Blksz;
 			dprint("log@%d alloc: %llx+%llx\n", i, off, len);
 			if(grabrange(a->free, off & ~0xff, len) == -1)
 				return -1;
@@ -306,7 +330,7 @@
 			break;
 		case LogFree:
 		case LogFree1:
-			len = (op & Log2w) ? GBIT64(d+8) : Blksz;
+			len = (op >= Log2wide) ? GBIT64(d+8) : Blksz;
 			dprint("log@%d free: %llx+%llx\n", i, off, len);
 			if(freerange(a->free, off & ~0xff, len) == -1)
 				return -1;
@@ -431,7 +455,7 @@
 			for(i = Loghdsz; i < Logspc; i += n){
 				p = b->data + i;
 				v = GBIT64(p);
-				n = (v & Log2w) ? 16 : 8;
+				n = ((v&0xff) >= Log2wide) ? 16 : 8;
 				if((v&0xff) == LogChain){
 					nb = v & ~0xff;
 					break;
@@ -501,7 +525,7 @@
 	a = getarena(b);
 	if(freerange(a->free, b, Blksz) == -1)
 		goto out;
-	if(logop(a, b, LogFree) == -1)
+	if(freelistappend(a, b, LogFree) == -1)
 		goto out;
 	r = 0;
 out:
@@ -540,7 +564,7 @@
 		unlock(a);
 		goto Again;
 	}
-	if(logop(a, b, LogAlloc) == -1){
+	if(freelistappend(a, b, LogAlloc) == -1){
 		unlock(a);
 		return -1;
 	}
@@ -608,7 +632,7 @@
 	PBIT32(p, fs->snap.ht); p += 4;
 	PBIT64(p, fs->snap.bp.addr); p += 8;
 	PBIT64(p, fs->snap.bp.hash); p += 8;
-	PBIT64(p, fs->nextgen); p += 8;
+	PBIT64(p, fs->snap.bp.gen); p += 8;
 	PBIT32(p, fs->narena); p += 4;
 	PBIT64(p, fs->arenasz); p += 8;
 	PBIT64(p, fs->nextqid); p += 8;
@@ -620,7 +644,6 @@
 {
 	vlong h;
 
-//	assert((b->flag & Bfinal) == 0);
 	lock(b);
 	b->flag |= Bfinal;
 	if(b->type != Traw)
@@ -645,6 +668,8 @@
 	case Tlog:
 		h = siphash(b->data + 8, Blkspc-8);
 		PBIT64(b->data, h);
+		b->bp.hash = blkhash(b);
+		break;
 	case Traw:
 		b->bp.hash = blkhash(b);
 		break;
@@ -725,17 +750,16 @@
 	free(b);
 }
 
-static void
-deadlist(Bptr bp)
-{
-	fprint(2, "cross-snap free: %B\n", bp);
-}
-
 void
-freebp(Bptr bp)
+freebp(Tree *t, Bptr bp)
 {
 	Bfree *f;
 
+	dprint("[%s] free blk %B\n", (t == &fs->snap) ? "snap" : "data", bp);
+	if(bp.gen <= t->prev[0]){
+		deadlistappend(t, bp);
+		return;
+	}
 	if((f = malloc(sizeof(Bfree))) == nil)
 		return;
 	f->bp = bp;
@@ -746,17 +770,13 @@
 }
 
 void
-freeblk(Blk *b)
+freeblk(Tree *t, Blk *b)
 {
 	lock(b);
 	assert((b->flag & Bqueued) == 0);
 	b->freed = getcallerpc(&b);
 	unlock(b);
-	dprint("freeing block %B @ %ld, from 0x%p\n", b->bp, b->ref, getcallerpc(&b));
-	if(b->bp.gen == fs->nextgen)
-		freebp(b->bp);
-	else
-		deadlist(b->bp);
+	freebp(t, b->bp);
 }
 
 void
@@ -768,4 +788,81 @@
 	lock(a);
 	blkdealloc_lk(bp.addr);
 	unlock(a);
+}
+
+void
+quiesce(int tid)
+{
+	int i, allquiesced;
+	Bfree *p, *n;
+
+	lock(&fs->activelk);
+	allquiesced = 1;
+	fs->active[tid]++;
+	for(i = 0; i < fs->nproc; i++){
+		/*
+		 * Odd parity on quiescence implies
+		 * that we're between the exit from
+		 * and waiting for the next message
+		 * that enters us into the critical
+		 * section.
+		 */
+		if((fs->active[i] & 1) == 0)
+			continue;
+		if(fs->active[i] == fs->lastactive[i])
+			allquiesced = 0;
+	}
+	if(allquiesced)
+		for(i = 0; i < fs->nproc; i++)
+			fs->lastactive[i] = fs->active[i];
+	unlock(&fs->activelk);
+	if(!allquiesced)
+		return;
+
+	lock(&fs->freelk);
+	p = nil;
+	if(fs->freep != nil){
+		p = fs->freep->next;
+		fs->freep->next = nil;
+	}
+	unlock(&fs->freelk);
+
+	while(p != nil){
+		n = p->next;
+		reclaimblk(p->bp);
+		p = n;
+	}
+	fs->freep = fs->freehd;
+}
+
+int
+sync(void)
+{
+	int i, r;
+	Blk *b, *s;
+	Arena *a;
+
+	qlock(&fs->snaplk);
+	r = 0;
+	s = fs->super;
+	fillsuper(s);
+	enqueue(s);
+
+	for(i = 0; i < fs->narena; i++){
+		a = &fs->arenas[i];
+		finalize(a->log.tail);
+		if(syncblk(a->log.tail) == -1)
+			r = -1;
+	}
+	for(b = fs->chead; b != nil; b = b->cnext){
+		if(!(b->flag & Bdirty))
+			continue;
+		if(syncblk(b) == -1)
+			r = -1;
+	}
+	if(r != -1)
+		r = syncblk(s);
+
+	qunlock(&fs->snaplk);
+	return r;
 }
--- a/check.c
+++ b/check.c
@@ -122,6 +122,8 @@
 			case Oinsert:	/* new kvp */
 			case Odelete:	/* delete kvp */
 			case Oclearb:	/* delete kvp if exists */
+			case Orefsnap:
+			case Ounrefsnap:
 				break;
 			case Owstat:		/* kvp dirent */
 				if((my.v[0] & ~(Owsize|Owmode|Owmtime)) != 0){
--- a/cons.c
+++ b/cons.c
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 static void
 snapfs(int fd, char **ap, int na)
 {
+	vlong gen, old;
 	char *e;
 	Tree t;
 
@@ -41,10 +42,21 @@
 		fprint(fd, "snap: open %s: %s\n", ap[0], e);
 		return;
 	}
-	if((e = snapshot(&t, ap[na-1], 0)) != nil){
+	if((e = snapshot(&t, &gen, &old)) != nil){
 		fprint(fd, "snap: save %s: %s\n", ap[na-1], e);
 		return;
 	}
+	if((e = labelsnap(gen, ap[na-1])) != nil){
+		fprint(fd, "snap: save %s: %s\n", ap[na-1], e);
+		return;
+	}
+	if(na <= 1 || strcmp(ap[0], ap[1]) == 0){
+		/* the label moved */
+		if((e = unrefsnap(old)) != nil){
+			fprint(fd, "snap: unref old: %s\n", e);
+			return;
+		}
+	}
 	fprint(fd, "snap %s: ok\n", ap[na-1]);
 }
 
@@ -87,7 +99,7 @@
 
 	/* debugging */
 	{.name="show",	.sub="cache",	.minarg=0, .maxarg=0, .fn=showcache},
-	{.name="show",	.sub="fs",	.minarg=0, .maxarg=1, .fn=showfs},
+	{.name="show",	.sub="tree",	.minarg=0, .maxarg=1, .fn=showtree},
 	{.name="show",	.sub="snap",	.minarg=0, .maxarg=1, .fn=showsnap},
 	{.name="show",	.sub="fid",	.minarg=0, .maxarg=0, .fn=showfid},
 	{.name="show",	.sub="free",	.minarg=0, .maxarg=0, .fn=showfree},
--- a/dat.h
+++ b/dat.h
@@ -46,16 +46,18 @@
 	 */
 	Loghdsz	= 8,			/* log hash */
 	Keymax	= 128,			/* key data limit */
-	Inlmax	= 256,			/* inline data limit */
+	Inlmax	= 512,			/* inline data limit */
 	Ptrsz	= 24,			/* off, hash, gen */
 	Pptrsz	= 26,			/* off, hash, gen, fill */
 	Fillsz	= 2,			/* block fill count */
 	Offksz	= 17,			/* type, qid, off */
 	Snapsz	= 9,			/* tag, snapid */
-	Treesz	= 4+Ptrsz+Ptrsz,	/* height, root, deadlist */
-	Wstatmax = 1+4+8+8+8,		/* op, mode, len, mtime, atime */
+	Ndead	= 8,			/* number of deadlist heads */
+	Deadsz	= 8+8+8+8+8,		/* prev, head, head hash, tail, tail hash */
+	Treesz	= 8+Ptrsz+Ndead*Deadsz,	/* ref, height, root, deadlist */
 	Kvmax	= Keymax + Inlmax,	/* Key and value */
 	Kpmax	= Keymax + Ptrsz,	/* Key and pointer */
+	Wstatmax = 4+8+8+8,		/* mode, size, atime, mtime */
 	
 
 	Hdrsz	= 10,
@@ -76,7 +78,7 @@
 	 */
 	Kdat,	/* qid[8] off[8] => ptr[16]:	pointer to data page */
 	Kent,	/* pqid[8] name[n] => dir[n]:	serialized Dir */
-	Kdset,	/* name[] => snapid[]:		dataset (snapshot ref) */
+	Klabel,	/* name[] => snapid[]:		dataset (snapshot ref) */
 	Ksnap,	/* sid[8] => ref[8], tree[52]:	snapshot root */
 	Ksuper,	/* qid[8] => pqid[8]:		parent dir */
 };
@@ -243,20 +245,30 @@
 enum {
 	GBraw	= 1<<0,
 	GBwrite	= 1<<1,
+	GBunchk	= 1<<2,
 };
 
 enum {
-	Onop	= 0,	/* nothing */
-	Oinsert	= 1,	/* new kvp */
-	Odelete	= 2,	/* delete kvp */
-	Oclearb	= 3,	/* free block ptr if exists */
-	Owstat	= 4,	/* kvp dirent */
+	Onop,		/* nothing */
+	Oinsert,	/* new kvp */
+	Odelete,	/* delete kvp */
+	Oclearb,	/* free block ptr if exists */
+	Owstat,		/* kvp dirent */
+	Orefsnap,	/* increment snap refcount */
+	Ounrefsnap,	/* decrement snap refcount */
+	Nmsgtype,	/* maximum message type */
+};
 
+/*
+ * Wstat ops come with associated data, in the order
+ * of the bit flags.
+ */
+enum{
 	/* wstat flags */
-	Owsize	= 1<<4,
-	Owmode	= 1<<5,
-	Owmtime	= 1<<6,
-	Owatime	= 1<<7,
+	Owsize	= 1<<0,	/* [8]fsize: update file size */
+	Owmode	= 1<<1,	/* [4]mode: update file mode */
+	Owmtime	= 1<<2, /* [8]mtime: update mtime, in nsec */
+	Owatime	= 1<<3, /* [8]atime: update atime, in nsec */
 };
 
 /*
@@ -265,18 +277,24 @@
 enum {
 	/* 1-wide entries */
 	LogAlloc1,	/* alloc a block */
-	LogFree1,	/* alloc a block */
-	LogDead1,	/* free a block */
+	LogFree1,	/* free a block */
 	LogFlush,	/* flush log, bump gen */
 	LogChain,	/* point to next log block */
 	LogEnd,		/* last entry in log */	
 
 	/* 2-wide entries */
-	Log2w	= 1<<5,
-	LogAlloc = LogAlloc1|Log2w,	/* alloc a range */
-	LogFree	= LogFree1|Log2w,	/* free a range */
+#define	Log2wide	LogAlloc
+	LogAlloc,	/* alloc a range */
+	LogFree,	/* free a range */
+	LogDead	,	/* deadlist a block */
 };
 
+struct Oplog {
+	vlong	head;	/* log head */
+	vlong	hash;	/* log head hash */
+	Blk	*tail;	/* tail block open for writing */
+};
+
 struct Arange {
 	Avl;
 	vlong	off;
@@ -304,9 +322,11 @@
 
 struct Tree {
 	Lock	lk;
-	Bptr	bp;
-	Bptr	dp;
+	int	ref;
 	int	ht;
+	Bptr	bp;
+	vlong	prev[Ndead];
+	Oplog	dead[Ndead];
 };
 
 struct Bfree {
@@ -366,12 +386,6 @@
 	int	cmax;
 };
 
-struct Oplog {
-	vlong	head;	/* log head */
-	vlong	hash;	/* log head hash */
-	Blk	*tail;	/* tail block open for writing */
-};
-
 struct Arena {
 	Lock;
 	Avltree *free;
@@ -427,6 +441,7 @@
 
 struct Mount {
 	long	ref;
+	vlong	gen;
 	char	*name;
 	Tree	root;
 };
--- a/dump.c
+++ b/dump.c
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@
 	case Kent:	/* pqid[8] name[n] => dir[n]:	serialized Dir */
 		n = fmtprint(fmt, "ent dir:%llx, name:\"%.*s\")", GBIT64(k->k+1), k->nk-11, k->k+11);
 		break;
-	case Kdset:	/* name[n] => tree[24]:	snapshot ref */
-		n = fmtprint(fmt, "dset name:\"%.*s\"", k->nk-1, k->k+1);
+	case Klabel:	/* name[n] => tree[24]:	snapshot ref */
+		n = fmtprint(fmt, "label name:\"%.*s\"", k->nk-1, k->k+1);
 		break;
 	case Ksnap:	/* name[n] => tree[24]:	snapshot root */
 		n = fmtprint(fmt, "snap id:\"%llx\"", GBIT64(k->k+1));
@@ -46,15 +46,15 @@
 static int
 showval(Fmt *fmt, Kvp *v, int op, int flg)
 {
+	int n, ws;
 	char *p;
-	Bptr bp;
+	Tree t;
 	Dir d;
-	int n, wop, ht;
 
 	n = 0;
 	if(flg){
 		assert(v->nv == Ptrsz+2);
-		n = fmtprint(fmt, "(%B,%d)", unpackbp(v->v), GBIT16(v->v+Ptrsz));
+		n = fmtprint(fmt, "(%B,%d)", unpackbp(v->v, v->nv), GBIT16(v->v+Ptrsz));
 		return n;
 	}
 	switch(v->k[0]){
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
 			break;
 		case Onop:
 		case Oinsert:
-			n = fmtprint(fmt, "ptr:%B", unpackbp(v->v));
+			n = fmtprint(fmt, "ptr:%B", unpackbp(v->v, v->nv));
 			break;
 		}
 	case Kent:	/* pqid[8] name[n] => dir[n]:	serialized Dir */
@@ -85,19 +85,23 @@
 			break;
 		case Owstat:
 			p = v->v;
-			wop = *p++;
-			if(wop & Owmtime){
-				n += fmtprint(fmt, "mtime:%llx ", GBIT64(p));
-				p += 8;
-			}
-			if(wop & Owsize){
+			ws = *p++;
+			if(ws & Owsize){
 				n += fmtprint(fmt, "size:%llx ", GBIT64(p));
 				p += 8;
 			}
-			if(wop & Owmode){
+			if(ws & Owmode){
 				n += fmtprint(fmt, "mode:%o ", GBIT32(p));
 				p += 4;
 			}
+			if(ws & Owmtime){
+				n += fmtprint(fmt, "mtime:%llx ", GBIT64(p));
+				p += 8;
+			}
+			if(ws & Owatime){
+				n += fmtprint(fmt, "mtime:%llx ", GBIT64(p));
+				p += 8;
+			}
 			if(p != v->v + v->nv)
 				abort();
 			break;
@@ -104,13 +108,21 @@
 		}
 		break;
 	case Ksnap:	/* name[n] => dent[16] ptr[16]:	snapshot root */
-		ht = GBIT32(v->v);
-		bp.addr = GBIT64(v->v+4);
-		bp.hash = GBIT64(v->v+12);
-		bp.gen = GBIT64(v->v+20);
-		n = fmtprint(fmt, "ht:%d, ptr:%B", ht, bp);
+		switch(op){
+		case Orefsnap:
+			n = fmtprint(fmt, "ref");
+			break;
+		case Ounrefsnap:
+			n = fmtprint(fmt, "unref");
+			break;
+		default:
+			if(unpacktree(&t, v->v, v->nv) == nil)
+				return fmtprint(fmt, "corrupt tree");
+			n = fmtprint(fmt, "ref: %d, ht: %d, bp: %B, prev=%lld", t.ref, t.ht, t.bp, t.prev[0]);
+			break;
+		}
 		break;
-	case Kdset:
+	case Klabel:
 		n = fmtprint(fmt, "snap id:\"%llx\"", GBIT64(v->v+1));
 		break;
 	case Ksuper:	/* qid[8] => pqid[8]:		parent dir */
@@ -136,11 +148,13 @@
 int
 Mconv(Fmt *fmt)
 {
-	char *opname[] = {
+	char *opname[Nmsgtype] = {
 	[Oinsert]	"Oinsert",
 	[Odelete]	"Odelete",
 	[Oclearb]	"Oclearb",
 	[Owstat]	"Owstat",
+	[Orefsnap]	"Orefsnap",
+	[Ounrefsnap]	"Ounrefsnap",
 	};
 	Msg *m;
 	int f, n;
@@ -237,7 +251,7 @@
 		getval(b, i, &kv);
 		if(b->type == Tpivot){
 			fprint(fd, "%.*s[%03d]|%#P\n", 4*indent, spc, i, &kv);
-			bp = unpackbp(kv.v);
+			bp = unpackbp(kv.v, kv.nv);
 			if((c = getblk(bp, 0)) == nil)
 				sysfatal("failed load: %r");
 			if(recurse)
@@ -257,40 +271,85 @@
 }
 
 void
-showtree(int fd, Tree *t, char *m)
+showtree(int fd, char **ap, int na)
 {
+	char *e, *name;
+	Tree t;
 	Blk *b;
 	int h;
 
-	fprint(fd, "=== [%s] %B\n", m, fs->snap.bp);
-	fprint(fd, "\tht: %d\n", fs->snap.ht);
-	fprint(fd, "\trt: %B\n", fs->snap.bp);
-	b = getroot(t, &h);
-	rshowblk(fd, b, 0, 1);
-	putblk(b);
-}
-
-void
-showfs(int fd, char **ap, int na)
-{
-	char *e, *name;
-	Tree t;
-
 	name = "main";
 	memset(&t, 0, sizeof(t));
 	if(na == 1)
 		name = ap[0];
-	if((e = opensnap(&t, name)) != nil){
+	if(strcmp(name, "dump") == 0)
+		t = fs->snap;
+	else if((e = opensnap(&t, name)) != nil){
 		fprint(fd, "open %s: %s\n", name, e);
 		return;
 	}
-	showtree(fd, &t, name);
+	b = getroot(&t, &h);
+	fprint(fd, "=== [%s] %B @%d\n", name, t.bp, t.ht);
+	rshowblk(fd, b, 0, 1);
+	putblk(b);
 }
 
 void
-showsnap(int fd, char **, int)
+showsnap(int fd, char **ap, int na)
 {
-	showtree(fd, &fs->snap, "snaps");
+	char *e, pfx[Snapsz];
+	int i, sz, done;
+	vlong id;
+	Scan *s;
+	Tree t;
+
+	if((s = mallocz(sizeof(Scan), 1)) == nil){
+		fprint(fd, "no memory\n");
+		return;
+	}
+	pfx[0] = Ksnap;
+	sz = 1;
+	if(na != 0){
+		sz = Snapsz;
+		id = atoll(ap[0]);
+		PBIT64(pfx+1, id);
+	}
+	if((e = btscan(&fs->snap, s, pfx, sz)) != nil){
+		fprint(fd, "scan: %s\n", e);
+		btdone(s);
+		return;
+	}
+	while(1){
+		if((e = btnext(s, &s->kv, &done)) != nil){
+			fprint(fd, "scan: %s\n", e);
+			break;
+		}
+		if(done)
+			break;
+		fprint(fd, "snap: %P\n", &s->kv);
+		if(unpacktree(&t, s->kv.v, s->kv.nv) == nil){
+			fprint(fd, "unpack: garbled tree\n");
+			break;
+		}
+		fprint(fd, "\tref:\t%d\n", t.ref);
+		fprint(fd, "\tht:\t%d\n", t.ht);
+		fprint(fd, "\taddr:\t%llx\n", t.bp.addr);
+		fprint(fd, "\thash:\t%llx\n", t.bp.hash);
+		fprint(fd, "\tgen:\t%llx\n", t.bp.gen);
+		for(i = 0; i < Ndead; i++){
+			fprint(fd, "\tdeadlist %d\n", i);
+			fprint(fd, "\t\tprev:\t%llx\n", t.prev[i]);
+			fprint(fd, "\t\tfheadp:\t%llx\n", t.dead[i].head);
+			fprint(fd, "\t\tfheadh:\t%llx\n", t.dead[i].hash);
+			if(t.dead[i].tail != nil){
+				fprint(fd, "\t\tftailp:%llx\n", t.dead[i].tail->bp.addr);
+				fprint(fd, "\t\tftailh:%llx\n", t.dead[i].tail->bp.hash);
+			}else{
+				fprint(fd, "\t\tftailp:\t-1\n");
+				fprint(fd, "\t\tftailh:\t-1\n");
+			}
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 void
@@ -340,6 +399,7 @@
 			p[i].pullsz, p[i].npull,
 			p[i].lo, p[i].hi);
 	}
+#undef A
 }
 
 void
--- a/fns.h
+++ b/fns.h
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 #pragma varargck type "X"	char*
 #pragma varargck type "Q"	Qid
 
-extern Gefs	*fs;
+extern Gefs*	fs;
 extern int	debug;
 
 Blk*	newblk(int type);
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@
 int	syncblk(Blk*);
 void	enqueue(Blk*);
 void	quiesce(int);
-void	freeblk(Blk*);
-void	freebp(Bptr);
+void	freeblk(Tree*, Blk*);
+void	freebp(Tree*, Bptr);
 void	reclaimblk(Bptr);
 ushort	blkfill(Blk*);
 uvlong	blkhash(Blk*);
@@ -30,7 +30,11 @@
 u32int	ihash(vlong);
 void	finalize(Blk*);
 char*	fillsuper(Blk*);
-char*	snapshot(Tree*, char*, int);
+char*	snapshot(Tree*, vlong*, vlong*);
+char*	labelsnap(vlong, char*);
+char*	unlabelsnap(vlong, char*);
+char*	refsnap(vlong);
+char*	unrefsnap(vlong);
 char*	opensnap(Tree*, char*);
 uvlong	siphash(void*, usize);
 void	reamfs(char*);
@@ -64,9 +68,8 @@
 void	initshow(void);
 void	showblk(int, Blk*, char*, int);
 void	showpath(int, Path*, int);
-void	showtree(int, Tree*, char*);
 
-void	showfs(int, char**, int);
+void	showtree(int, char**, int);
 void	showsnap(int, char**, int);
 void	showfid(int, char**, int);
 void	showcache(int, char**, int);
@@ -78,25 +81,28 @@
 		if(debug) fprint(2, __VA_ARGS__); \
 	}while(0)
 
-char	*pack8(int*, char*, char*, uchar);
-char	*pack16(int*, char*, char*, ushort);
-char	*pack32(int*, char*, char*, uint);
-char	*pack64(int*, char*, char*, uvlong);
-char	*packstr(int*, char*, char*, char*);
+char*	pack8(int*, char*, char*, uchar);
+char*	pack16(int*, char*, char*, ushort);
+char*	pack32(int*, char*, char*, uint);
+char*	pack64(int*, char*, char*, uvlong);
+char*	packstr(int*, char*, char*, char*);
 
 /* void* is a bit hacky, but we want both signed and unsigned to work */
-char	*unpack8(int*, char*, char*, void*);
-char	*unpack16(int*, char*, char*, void*);
-char	*unpack32(int*, char*, char*, void*);
-char	*unpack64(int*, char*, char*, void*);
-char	*unpackstr(int*, char*, char*, char**);
+char*	unpack8(int*, char*, char*, void*);
+char*	unpack16(int*, char*, char*, void*);
+char*	unpack32(int*, char*, char*, void*);
+char*	unpack64(int*, char*, char*, void*);
+char*	unpackstr(int*, char*, char*, char**);
 int	dir2kv(vlong, Dir*, Kvp*, char*, int);
 int	kv2statbuf(Kvp*, char*, int);
 int	kv2dir(Kvp*, Dir*);
 int	kv2qid(Kvp*, Qid*);
 
-char	*packbp(char*, Bptr*);
-Bptr	unpackbp(char*);
+char*	packbp(char*, int, Bptr*);
+Bptr	unpackbp(char*, int);
+char*	packtree(char*, int, Tree*);
+Tree*	unpacktree(Tree*, char*, int);
+char*	packdkey(char*, int, vlong, char*);
 
 /* fmt */
 int	Bconv(Fmt*);
@@ -111,8 +117,8 @@
 void	bufinsert(Blk *, Msg *);
 void	victim(Blk *b, Path *p);
 
-Chan	*mkchan(int);
-Fmsg	*chrecv(Chan*);
+Chan*	mkchan(int);
+Fmsg*	chrecv(Chan*);
 void	chsend(Chan*, Fmsg*);
 void	runfs(int, void*);
 void	runwrite(int, void*);
--- a/fs.c
+++ b/fs.c
@@ -9,6 +9,28 @@
 
 static char*	clearb(Fid*, vlong, vlong);
 
+// FIXME: hack.
+static char*
+updatesnap(Fid *f)
+{
+	vlong gen, old;
+	char *e;
+
+	if((e = snapshot(&f->mnt->root, &gen, &old)) != nil){
+		fprint(2, "snap: save %s: %s\n", f->mnt->name, e);
+		abort();
+	}
+	if((e = labelsnap(gen, f->mnt->name)) != nil){
+		fprint(2, "snap: save %s: %s\n", f->mnt->name, e);
+		abort();
+	}
+	if((e = unrefsnap(old)) != nil){
+		fprint(2, "snap: unref old: %s\n", e);
+		abort();
+	}
+	return nil;
+}
+
 static int
 okname(char *name)
 {
@@ -150,6 +172,10 @@
 	return e;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Clears all blocks in that intersect with
+ * the range listed.
+ */
 static char*
 clearb(Fid *f, vlong o, vlong sz)
 {
@@ -156,6 +182,7 @@
 	char *e, buf[Offksz];
 	Msg m;
 
+	o &= ~(Blksz - 1);
 	for(; o < sz; o += Blksz){
 		m.k = buf;
 		m.nk = sizeof(buf);
@@ -174,7 +201,7 @@
 static int
 readb(Fid *f, char *d, vlong o, vlong n, int sz)
 {
-	char *e, buf[Offksz], kvbuf[Offksz+Ptrsz];
+	char *e, buf[17], kvbuf[17+32];
 	vlong fb, fo;
 	Bptr bp;
 	Blk *b;
@@ -199,7 +226,7 @@
 		return -1;
 	}
 
-	bp = unpackbp(kv.v);
+	bp = unpackbp(kv.v, kv.nv);
 	if((b = getblk(bp, GBraw)) == nil)
 		return -1;
 	if(fo+n > Blksz)
@@ -213,12 +240,12 @@
 }
 
 static int
-writeb(Fid *f, Msg *m, char *s, vlong o, vlong n, vlong sz)
+writeb(Fid *f, Msg *m, Bptr *ret, char *s, vlong o, vlong n, vlong sz)
 {
 	char buf[Kvmax];
 	vlong fb, fo;
-	Bptr bp;
 	Blk *b, *t;
+	Bptr bp;
 	Kvp kv;
 
 	fb = o & ~(Blksz-1);
@@ -233,14 +260,13 @@
 	if(b == nil)
 		return -1;
 	if(fb < sz && (fo != 0 || n != Blksz)){
-		dprint("\tappending to block %B\n", b->bp);
 		if(lookup(f, m, &kv, buf, sizeof(buf), 0) != nil)
 			return -1;
-		bp = unpackbp(kv.v);
+		bp = unpackbp(kv.v, kv.nv);
 		if((t = getblk(bp, GBraw)) == nil)
 			return -1;
 		memcpy(b->buf, t->buf, Blksz);
-		freeblk(t);
+		freeblk(&f->mnt->root, t);
 		putblk(t);
 	}
 	if(fo+n > Blksz)
@@ -248,9 +274,8 @@
 	memcpy(b->buf+fo, s, n);
 	enqueue(b);
 
-	bp.gen = fs->nextgen;
-	assert(b->flag & Bfinal);
-	packbp(m->v, &b->bp);
+	packbp(m->v, m->nv, &b->bp);
+	*ret = b->bp;
 	putblk(b);
 	return n;
 }
@@ -258,41 +283,36 @@
 static Dent*
 getdent(vlong pqid, Dir *d)
 {
-	Dent *e;
-	char *ek, *eb;
+	Dent *de;
+	char *e;
 	u32int h;
-	int err;
 
 	h = ihash(d->qid.path) % Ndtab;
 	lock(&fs->dtablk);
-	for(e = fs->dtab[h]; e != nil; e = e->next){
-		if(e->qid.path == d->qid.path){
-			ainc(&e->ref);
+	for(de = fs->dtab[h]; de != nil; de = de->next){
+		if(de->qid.path == d->qid.path){
+			ainc(&de->ref);
 			unlock(&fs->dtablk);
-			return e;
+			return de;
 		}
 	}
 
-	err = 0;
-	if((e = mallocz(sizeof(Dent), 1)) == nil)
+	if((de = mallocz(sizeof(Dent), 1)) == nil)
 		return nil;
-	e->ref = 1;
-	e->qid = d->qid;
-	e->length = d->length;
-	e->k = e->buf;
-	e->nk = 9 + strlen(d->name) + 1;
+	de->ref = 1;
+	de->qid = d->qid;
+	de->length = d->length;
+	de->k = de->buf;
+	de->nk = 9 + strlen(d->name) + 1;
 
-	ek = e->buf;
-	eb = ek + sizeof(e->buf);
-	ek = pack8(&err, ek, eb, Kent);
-	ek = pack64(&err, ek, eb, pqid);
-	ek = packstr(&err, ek, eb, d->name);
-	e->nk = ek - e->buf;
-	e->next = fs->dtab[h];
-	fs->dtab[h] = e;
+	if((e = packdkey(de->buf, sizeof(de->buf), pqid, d->name)) == nil)
+		return nil;
+	de->nk = e - de->buf;
+	de->next = fs->dtab[h];
+	fs->dtab[h] = de;
 
 	unlock(&fs->dtablk);
-	return e;
+	return de;
 }
 
 static void
@@ -483,8 +503,7 @@
 static void
 fsattach(Fmsg *m, int iounit)
 {
-	char *e, *p, *ep, dbuf[Kvmax], kvbuf[Kvmax];
-	int err;
+	char *e, *p, dbuf[Kvmax], kvbuf[Kvmax];
 	Mount *mnt;
 	Dent *de;
 	Fcall r;
@@ -505,18 +524,14 @@
 		return;
 	}
 
-	err = 0;
-	p = dbuf;
-	ep = dbuf + sizeof(dbuf);
-	p = pack8(&err, p, ep, Kent);
-	p = pack64(&err, p, ep, -1ULL);
-	p = packstr(&err, p, ep, "");
-	if(err)
-		abort();
+	if((p = packdkey(dbuf, sizeof(dbuf), -1ULL, "")) == nil){
+		rerror(m, Elength);
+		return;
+	}
 	dk.k = dbuf;
 	dk.nk = p - dbuf;
-	if(btlookup(&mnt->root, &dk, &kv, kvbuf, sizeof(kvbuf)) != nil){
-		rerror(m, Efs);
+	if((e = btlookup(&mnt->root, &dk, &kv, kvbuf, sizeof(kvbuf))) != nil){
+		rerror(m, e);
 		return;
 	}
 	if(kv2dir(&kv, &d) == -1){
@@ -557,9 +572,8 @@
 void
 fswalk(Fmsg *m)
 {
-	char *p, *e, *estr, kbuf[Maxent], kvbuf[Kvmax];
+	char *p, *e, kbuf[Maxent], kvbuf[Kvmax];
 	vlong up, prev;
-	int i, err;
 	Fid *o, *f;
 	Dent *dent;
 	Fcall r;
@@ -566,6 +580,7 @@
 	Kvp kv;
 	Key k;
 	Dir d;
+	int i;
 
 	if((o = getfid(m->fid)) == nil){
 		rerror(m, Efid);
@@ -575,26 +590,20 @@
 		rerror(m, Einuse);
 		return;
 	}
-	err = 0;
-	estr = nil;
+	e = nil;
 	up = o->qpath;
 	prev = o->qpath;
 	r.type = Rwalk;
 	for(i = 0; i < m->nwname; i++){
 		up = prev;
-		p = kbuf;
-		e = kbuf + sizeof(kbuf);
-		p = pack8(&err, p, e, Kent);
-		p = pack64(&err, p, e, up);
-		p = packstr(&err, p, e, m->wname[i]);
-		if(err){
-			rerror(m, "bad walk: %r");
+		if((p = packdkey(kbuf, sizeof(kbuf), up, m->wname[i])) == nil){
+			rerror(m, Elength);
 			putfid(o);
 			return;
 		}
 		k.k = kbuf;
 		k.nk = p - kbuf;
-		if((estr = lookup(o, &k, &kv, kvbuf, sizeof(kvbuf), 0)) != nil){
+		if((e = lookup(o, &k, &kv, kvbuf, sizeof(kvbuf), 0)) != nil){
 			break;
 		}
 		if(kv2dir(&kv, &d) == -1){
@@ -607,7 +616,7 @@
 	}
 	r.nwqid = i;
 	if(i == 0 && m->nwname != 0){
-		rerror(m, estr);
+		rerror(m, e);
 		putfid(o);
 		return;
 	}
@@ -779,7 +788,7 @@
 			rerror(m, e);
 			goto Out;
 		}
-		if((e = snapshot(&f->mnt->root, f->mnt->name, 1)) != nil){
+		if((e = updatesnap(f)) != nil){
 			rerror(m, e);
 			goto Out;
 		}
@@ -903,7 +912,7 @@
 	r.type = Rcreate;
 	r.qid = d.qid;
 	r.iounit = f->iounit;
-	if((e = snapshot(&f->mnt->root, f->mnt->name, 1)) != nil){
+	if((e = updatesnap(f)) != nil){
 		rerror(m, e);
 		putfid(f);
 		return;
@@ -945,7 +954,7 @@
 	runlock(f->dent);
 	clunkfid(f);
 
-	if((e = snapshot(&f->mnt->root, f->mnt->name, 1)) != nil){
+	if((e = updatesnap(f)) != nil){
 		rerror(m, e);
 		putfid(f);
 		return;
@@ -1161,13 +1170,14 @@
 void
 fswrite(Fmsg *m)
 {
-	char sbuf[Wstatmax], offbuf[4][Offksz+Ptrsz];
+	char sbuf[Wstatmax], kbuf[4][Offksz], vbuf[4][Ptrsz];
 	char *p, *e;
 	vlong n, o, c;
+	int i, j;
+	Bptr bp[4];
 	Msg kv[4];
 	Fcall r;
 	Fid *f;
-	int i;
 
 	if((f = getfid(m->fid)) == nil){
 		rerror(m, Efid);
@@ -1186,14 +1196,14 @@
 	c = m->count;
 	for(i = 0; i < nelem(kv)-1 && c != 0; i++){
 		kv[i].op = Oinsert;
-		kv[i].k = offbuf[i];
-		kv[i].nk = Offksz;
-		kv[i].v = offbuf[i]+Offksz;
-		kv[i].nv = 16;
-		n = writeb(f, &kv[i], p, o, c, f->dent->length);
+		kv[i].k = kbuf[i];
+		kv[i].nk = sizeof(kbuf[i]);
+		kv[i].v = vbuf[i];
+		kv[i].nv = sizeof(vbuf[i]);
+		n = writeb(f, &kv[i], &bp[i], p, o, c, f->dent->length);
 		if(n == -1){
-			// badwrite(f, i);
-			// FIXME: free pages
+			for(j = 0; j < i; j++)
+				freebp(&f->mnt->root, bp[i]);
 			wunlock(f->dent);
 			rerror(m, "%r");
 			putfid(f);
@@ -1224,7 +1234,7 @@
 	}
 	wunlock(f->dent);
 
-	if((e = snapshot(&f->mnt->root, f->mnt->name, 1)) != nil){
+	if((e = updatesnap(f)) != nil){
 		rerror(m, e);
 		putfid(f);
 		return;
--- a/load.c
+++ b/load.c
@@ -56,19 +56,19 @@
 		sysfatal("corrupt superblock: bad magic");
 	p = b->data + 8;
 
-	dirty = GBIT32(p); p += 4; /* dirty */
-	blksz = GBIT32(p); p += 4;
-	bufspc = GBIT32(p); p += 4;
-	hdrsz = GBIT32(p); p += 4;
-	fs->snap.ht = GBIT32(p); p += 4;
-	fs->snap.bp.addr = GBIT64(p); p += 8;
-	fs->snap.bp.hash = GBIT64(p); p += 8;
-	fs->snap.bp.gen = 1;
-	fs->nextgen = GBIT64(p); p += 8;
-	fs->narena = GBIT32(p); p += 4;
-	fs->arenasz = GBIT64(p); p += 8;
-	fs->nextqid = GBIT64(p); p += 8;
+	dirty = GBIT32(p);		p += 4; /* dirty */
+	blksz = GBIT32(p);		p += 4;
+	bufspc = GBIT32(p);		p += 4;
+	hdrsz = GBIT32(p);		p += 4;
+	fs->snap.ht = GBIT32(p);	p += 4;
+	fs->snap.bp.addr = GBIT64(p);	p += 8;
+	fs->snap.bp.hash = GBIT64(p);	p += 8;
+	fs->snap.bp.gen = GBIT64(p);	p += 8;
+	fs->narena = GBIT32(p);		p += 4;
+	fs->arenasz = GBIT64(p);	p += 8;
+	fs->nextqid = GBIT64(p);	p += 8;
 	fs->super = b;
+	fs->nextgen = fs->snap.bp.gen + 1;
 
 	fprint(2, "load: %8s\n", p);
 	fprint(2, "\tsnaptree:\t%B\n", fs->snap.bp);
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@
 	fprint(2, "\tarenas:\t%d\n", fs->narena);
 	fprint(2, "\tarenasz:\t%lld\n", fs->arenasz);
 	fprint(2, "\tnextqid:\t%lld\n", fs->nextqid);
+	fprint(2, "\tnextgen:\t%lld\n", fs->nextgen);
 	if((fs->arenas = calloc(fs->narena, sizeof(Arena))) == nil)
 		sysfatal("malloc: %r");
 	for(i = 0; i < fs->narena; i++)
--- a/main.c
+++ b/main.c
@@ -98,9 +98,9 @@
 	 * sanity checks -- I've tuned these to stupid
 	 * values in the past.
 	 */
-//	assert(4*Kpmax < Pivspc);
-//	assert(2*Msgmax < Bufspc);
-
+	assert(4*Kpmax < Pivspc);
+	assert(2*Msgmax < Bufspc);
+	assert(Treesz < Inlmax);
 	initfs(cachesz);
 	initshow();
 	quotefmtinstall();
--- a/pack.c
+++ b/pack.c
@@ -267,21 +267,106 @@
 }
 
 char*
-packbp(char *p, Bptr *bp)
+packbp(char *p, int sz, Bptr *bp)
 {
-	PBIT64(p + 0, bp->addr);
-	PBIT64(p + 8, bp->hash);
-	PBIT64(p + 16, bp->gen);
-	return p + 24;
+	assert(sz >= Ptrsz);
+	PBIT64(p, bp->addr);	p += 8;
+	PBIT64(p, bp->hash);	p += 8;
+	PBIT64(p, bp->gen);	p += 8;
+	return p;
 }
 
 Bptr
-unpackbp(char *p)
+unpackbp(char *p, int sz)
 {
 	Bptr bp;
 
-	bp.addr = GBIT64(p + 0);
-	bp.hash = GBIT64(p + 8);
-	bp.gen = GBIT64(p + 16);
+	assert(sz >= Ptrsz);
+	bp.addr = GBIT64(p);	p += 8;
+	bp.hash = GBIT64(p);	p += 8;
+	bp.gen = GBIT64(p);
 	return bp;
+}
+
+char*
+packdkey(char *p, int sz, vlong up, char *name)
+{
+	char *ep;
+	int err;
+
+	err = 0;
+	ep = p + sz;
+	p = pack8(&err, p, ep, Kent);
+	p = pack64(&err, p, ep, up);
+	p = packstr(&err, p, ep, name);
+	if(err)
+		return 0;
+	return p;
+}
+
+Tree*
+unpacktree(Tree *t, char *p, int sz)
+{
+	int i, j;
+	Bptr bp;
+	Blk *b;
+
+	assert(sz >= Treesz);
+	memset(t, 0, sizeof(Tree));
+	t->ref = GBIT32(p);		p += 4;
+	t->ht = GBIT32(p);		p += 4;
+	t->bp.addr = GBIT64(p);		p += 8;
+	t->bp.hash = GBIT64(p);		p += 8;
+	t->bp.gen = GBIT64(p);		p += 8;
+	for(i = 0; i < Ndead; i++){
+		t->prev[i] = GBIT64(p);		p += 8;
+		t->dead[i].head = GBIT64(p);	p += 8;
+		t->dead[i].hash = GBIT64(p);	p += 8;
+		bp.addr = GBIT64(p);		p += 8;
+		bp.hash = GBIT64(p);		p += 8;
+		bp.gen = -1;
+		if(bp.addr == -1)
+			continue;
+		if((b = getblk(bp, 0)) == nil){
+			for(j = 0; j < i; j++)
+				putblk(t->dead[j].tail);
+			return nil;
+		}
+		t->dead[i].tail	= b;
+		cacheblk(b);		
+	}
+	return t;
+}
+
+char*
+packtree(char *p, int sz, Tree *t)
+{
+	vlong tladdr, tlhash;
+	Blk *tl;
+	int i;
+
+	assert(sz >= Treesz);
+	PBIT32(p, t->ref);	p += 4;
+	PBIT32(p, t->ht);	p += 4;
+	PBIT64(p, t->bp.addr);	p += 8;
+	PBIT64(p, t->bp.hash);	p += 8;
+	PBIT64(p, t->bp.gen);	p += 8;
+	for(i = 0; i < Ndead; i++){
+		tladdr = -1;
+		tlhash = -1;
+		if(t->dead[i].tail != nil){
+			tl = t->dead[i].tail;
+			lock(tl);
+			assert(tl->flag & Bfinal);
+			unlock(tl);
+			tladdr = tl->bp.addr;
+			tlhash = tl->bp.hash;
+		}
+		PBIT64(p, t->prev[i]);		p += 8;
+		PBIT64(p, t->dead[i].head);	p += 8;
+		PBIT64(p, t->dead[i].hash);	p += 8;
+		PBIT64(p, tladdr);		p += 8;
+		PBIT64(p, tlhash);		p += 8;
+	}
+	return p;
 }
--- a/ream.c
+++ b/ream.c
@@ -43,31 +43,38 @@
 static void
 initsnap(Blk *s, Blk *r)
 {
-	char kbuf[Keymax], vbuf[Treesz];
+	char *p, kbuf[Keymax], vbuf[Treesz];
+	Tree t;
 	Kvp kv;
+	int i;
 
 
 	kv.k = kbuf;
 	kv.v = vbuf;
-	kv.k[0] = Kdset;
+	kv.k[0] = Klabel;
 	kv.nk = 1 + snprint(kv.k+1, sizeof(kbuf)-1, "main");
 	kv.v[0] = Ksnap;
 	PBIT64(kv.v+1, 0);
 	kv.nv = Snapsz;
 	setval(s, 0, &kv);
-	
+
 	kv.k[0] = Ksnap;
 	PBIT64(kv.k+1, 0);
 	kv.nk = Snapsz;
 
-	kv.nv = sizeof(vbuf);
-	PBIT32(kv.v +  0, 1);
-	PBIT64(kv.v +  4, r->bp.addr);
-	PBIT64(kv.v + 12, r->bp.hash);
-	PBIT64(kv.v + 20, r->bp.gen);
-	PBIT64(kv.v + 28, -1ULL);
-	PBIT64(kv.v + 36, -1ULL);
-	PBIT64(kv.v + 42, -1ULL);
+	memset(&t, 0, sizeof(Tree));
+	t.ref = 1;
+	t.ht = 1;
+	t.bp = r->bp;
+	for(i = 0; i < Ndead; i++){
+		t.prev[i] = -1;
+		t.dead[i].head = -1;
+		t.dead[i].hash = -1;
+		t.dead[i].tail = nil;
+	}
+	p = packtree(vbuf, sizeof(vbuf), &t);
+	kv.v = vbuf;
+	kv.nv = p - vbuf;
 	setval(s, 1, &kv);
 }
 
@@ -120,7 +127,7 @@
 reamfs(char *dev)
 {
 	vlong sz, asz, off;
-	Blk *s, *r, *t;
+	Blk *sb, *rb, *tb;
 	Mount *mnt;
 	Dir *d;
 	int i;
@@ -131,12 +138,12 @@
 		sysfatal("ream: %r");
 	if(d->length < 64*MiB)
 		sysfatal("ream: disk too small");
-	if((s = mallocz(sizeof(Blk), 1)) == nil)
+	if((sb = mallocz(sizeof(Blk), 1)) == nil)
 		sysfatal("ream: %r");
 	if((mnt = mallocz(sizeof(Mount), 1)) == nil)
 		sysfatal("ream: alloc mount: %r");
-	fs->super = s;
-	refblk(s);
+	fs->super = sb;
+	refblk(sb);
 
 	sz = d->length;
 	sz = sz - (sz % Blksz) - Blksz;
@@ -161,24 +168,24 @@
 		asz += off;
 	}
 	
-	s->type = Tsuper;
-	s->bp.addr = sz;
-	s->data = s->buf + Hdrsz;
-	s->ref = 2;
+	sb->type = Tsuper;
+	sb->bp.addr = sz;
+	sb->data = sb->buf + Hdrsz;
+	sb->ref = 2;
 
 	for(i = 0; i < fs->narena; i++)
 		if((loadarena(&fs->arenas[i], i*asz)) == -1)
 			sysfatal("ream: loadarena: %r");
 
-	if((t = newblk(Tleaf)) == nil)
+	if((tb = newblk(Tleaf)) == nil)
 		sysfatal("ream: allocate root: %r");
-	refblk(t);
-	initroot(t);
-	finalize(t);
-	syncblk(t);
+	refblk(tb);
+	initroot(tb);
+	finalize(tb);
+	syncblk(tb);
 
 	mnt->root.ht = 1;
-	mnt->root.bp = t->bp;
+	mnt->root.bp = tb->bp;
 
 	/*
 	 * Now that we have a completely empty fs, give it
@@ -185,24 +192,22 @@
 	 * a single snap block that the tree will insert
 	 * into, and take a snapshot as the initial state.
 	 */
-	if((r = newblk(Tleaf)) == nil)
+	if((rb = newblk(Tleaf)) == nil)
 		sysfatal("ream: allocate snaps: %r");
-	refblk(r);
-	initsnap(r, t);
-	finalize(r);
-	syncblk(r);
-	fs->snap.bp = r->bp;
+	refblk(rb);
+	initsnap(rb, tb);
+	finalize(rb);
+	syncblk(rb);
+
+	fs->snap.bp = rb->bp;
 	fs->snap.ht = 1;
+	fillsuper(sb);
+	finalize(sb);
+	syncblk(sb);
 
-	fillsuper(s);
-	finalize(s);
-	syncblk(s);
-
-	sync();
-
-	putblk(t);
-	putblk(s);
-	putblk(r);
+	putblk(tb);
+	putblk(sb);
+	putblk(rb);
 	free(mnt);
 	if(sync() == -1)
 		sysfatal("ream: sync: %r");
--- /dev/null
+++ b/snap.c
@@ -1,0 +1,252 @@
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include <fcall.h>
+#include <avl.h>
+
+#include "dat.h"
+#include "fns.h"
+
+vlong
+inc64(uvlong *v, uvlong dv)
+{
+	vlong ov, nv;
+
+	while(1){
+		ov = *v;
+		nv = ov + dv;
+		if(cas64(v, ov, nv))
+			return nv;
+	}
+}
+
+int
+syncblk(Blk *b)
+{
+	assert(b->flag & Bfinal);
+	lock(b);
+	b->flag &= ~(Bqueued|Bdirty);
+	unlock(b);
+	return pwrite(fs->fd, b->buf, Blksz, b->bp.addr);
+}
+
+void
+enqueue(Blk *b)
+{
+	assert(b->flag&Bdirty);
+	finalize(b);
+	if(syncblk(b) == -1){
+		ainc(&fs->broken);
+		fprint(2, "write: %r");
+		abort();
+	}
+}
+
+char*
+opensnap(Tree *t, char *name)
+{
+	char dbuf[Keymax], buf[Kvmax];
+	char *p, *e;
+	int n;
+	Key k;
+	Kvp kv;
+
+	n = strlen(name);
+	p = dbuf;
+	p[0] = Klabel;			p += 1;
+	memcpy(p, name, n);		p += n;
+	k.k = dbuf;
+	k.nk = p - dbuf;
+	if((e = btlookup(&fs->snap, &k, &kv, buf, sizeof(buf))) != nil)
+		return e;
+	memmove(dbuf, kv.v, kv.nv);
+	k.k = dbuf;
+	k.nk = kv.nv;
+	if((e = btlookup(&fs->snap, &k, &kv, buf, sizeof(buf))) != nil)
+		return e;
+	if(unpacktree(t, kv.v, kv.nv) == nil)
+		return Efs;
+	return nil;
+}
+
+static char*
+modifysnap(vlong gen, char *name, int del)
+{
+	char dbuf[Keymax], sbuf[Snapsz];
+	char *p, *e;
+	int n, nm;
+	Msg m[2];
+
+	p = sbuf;
+	nm = 0;
+	p[0] = Ksnap;		p += 1;
+	PBIT64(p, gen);		p += 8;
+	m[nm].op = del ? Ounrefsnap : Orefsnap;
+	m[nm].k = sbuf;
+	m[nm].nk = p - sbuf;
+	m[nm].v = nil;
+	m[nm].nv = 0;
+	nm++;
+	if(name != nil){
+		p = dbuf;
+		n = strlen(name);
+		m[nm].op = del ? Odelete : Oinsert;
+		p[0] = Klabel;		p += 1;
+		memcpy(p, name, n);	p += n;
+		m[nm].k = dbuf;
+		m[nm].nk = p - dbuf;
+		m[nm].v = m[nm-1].k;
+		m[nm].nv = m[nm-1].nk;
+
+		nm++;
+	}
+	if((e = btupsert(&fs->snap, m, nm)) != nil)
+		return e;
+	return nil;
+}
+
+char*
+labelsnap(vlong gen, char *name)
+{
+	return modifysnap(gen, name, 0);
+}
+
+char*
+unlabelsnap(vlong gen, char *name)
+{
+	return modifysnap(gen, name, 1);
+}
+
+char*
+refsnap(vlong gen)
+{
+	return modifysnap(gen, nil, 0);
+}
+
+char*
+unrefsnap(vlong gen)
+{
+	return modifysnap(gen, nil, 1);
+}
+
+char*
+snapshot(Tree *t, vlong *genp, vlong *oldp)
+{
+	char kbuf[Snapsz], vbuf[Treesz];
+	char *p, *e;
+	uvlong gen;
+	Msg m;
+	int i;
+
+	gen = inc64(&fs->nextgen, 1);
+	p = kbuf;
+	p[0] = Ksnap;	p += 1;
+	PBIT64(p, gen);	p += 8;
+	m.op = Oinsert;
+	m.k = kbuf;
+	m.nk = p - kbuf;
+
+	for(i = 0; i < Ndead; i++){
+		if(t->dead[i].tail != nil){
+			finalize(t->dead[i].tail);
+			syncblk(t->dead[i].tail);
+			putblk(t->dead[i].tail);
+		}
+	}
+
+	p = packtree(vbuf, sizeof(vbuf), t);
+	m.v = vbuf;
+	m.nv = p - vbuf;
+	if((e = btupsert(&fs->snap, &m, 1)) != nil)
+		return e;
+	if(sync() == -1)
+		return Eio;
+	/* shift deadlist down */
+	if(t->dead[Ndead-1].tail != nil)
+		putblk(t->dead[Ndead-1].tail);
+	for(i = Ndead-1; i >= 0; i--){
+		t->prev[i] = i == 0 ? gen : t->prev[i-1];
+		t->dead[i].head = -1;
+		t->dead[i].hash = -1;
+		t->dead[i].tail = nil;
+	}
+	*genp = gen;
+	*oldp = t->prev[0];
+	return nil;
+}
+
+int
+sync(void)
+{
+	int i, r;
+	Blk *b, *s;
+	Arena *a;
+
+	qlock(&fs->snaplk);
+	r = 0;
+	s = fs->super;
+	fillsuper(s);
+	enqueue(s);
+
+	for(i = 0; i < fs->narena; i++){
+		a = &fs->arenas[i];
+		finalize(a->log.tail);
+		if(syncblk(a->log.tail) == -1)
+			r = -1;
+	}
+	for(b = fs->chead; b != nil; b = b->cnext){
+		if(!(b->flag & Bdirty))
+			continue;
+		if(syncblk(b) == -1)
+			r = -1;
+	}
+	if(r != -1)
+		r = syncblk(s);
+
+	qunlock(&fs->snaplk);
+	return r;
+}
+
+void
+quiesce(int tid)
+{
+	int i, allquiesced;
+	Bfree *p, *n;
+
+	lock(&fs->activelk);
+	allquiesced = 1;
+	fs->active[tid]++;
+	for(i = 0; i < fs->nproc; i++){
+		/*
+		 * Odd parity on quiescence implies
+		 * that we're between the exit from
+		 * and waiting for the next message
+		 * that enters us into the critical
+		 * section.
+		 */
+		if((fs->active[i] & 1) == 0)
+			continue;
+		if(fs->active[i] == fs->lastactive[i])
+			allquiesced = 0;
+	}
+	if(allquiesced)
+		for(i = 0; i < fs->nproc; i++)
+			fs->lastactive[i] = fs->active[i];
+	unlock(&fs->activelk);
+	if(!allquiesced)
+		return;
+
+	lock(&fs->freelk);
+	p = nil;
+	if(fs->freep != nil){
+		p = fs->freep->next;
+		fs->freep->next = nil;
+	}
+	unlock(&fs->freelk);
+
+	while(p != nil){
+		n = p->next;
+		reclaimblk(p->bp);
+		p = n;
+	}
+	fs->freep = fs->freehd;
+}
--- a/sync.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,200 +1,0 @@
-#include <u.h>
-#include <libc.h>
-#include <fcall.h>
-#include <avl.h>
-
-#include "dat.h"
-#include "fns.h"
-
-vlong
-inc64(uvlong *v, uvlong dv)
-{
-	vlong ov, nv;
-
-	while(1){
-		ov = *v;
-		nv = ov + dv;
-		if(cas64(v, ov, nv))
-			return nv;
-	}
-}
-
-int
-syncblk(Blk *b)
-{
-	assert(b->flag & Bfinal);
-	lock(b);
-	b->flag &= ~(Bqueued|Bdirty);
-	unlock(b);
-	return pwrite(fs->fd, b->buf, Blksz, b->bp.addr);
-}
-
-void
-enqueue(Blk *b)
-{
-	assert(b->flag&Bdirty);
-	finalize(b);
-	if(syncblk(b) == -1){
-		ainc(&fs->broken);
-		fprint(2, "write: %r");
-		abort();
-	}
-}
-
-char*
-opensnap(Tree *t, char *name)
-{
-	char dbuf[Keymax], buf[Kvmax];
-	char *p, *e;
-	int n;
-	Key k;
-	Kvp kv;
-
-	n = strlen(name);
-	p = dbuf;
-	p[0] = Kdset;			p += 1;
-	memcpy(p, name, n);		p += n;
-	k.k = dbuf;
-	k.nk = p - dbuf;
-	if((e = btlookup(&fs->snap, &k, &kv, buf, sizeof(buf))) != nil)
-		return e;
-	memmove(dbuf, kv.v, kv.nv);
-	k.k = dbuf;
-	k.nk = kv.nv;
-	if((e = btlookup(&fs->snap, &k, &kv, buf, sizeof(buf))) != nil)
-		return e;
-	p = kv.v;
-	memset(t, 0, sizeof(*t));
-	t->ht = GBIT32(p);		p += 4;
-	t->bp.addr = GBIT64(p);		p += 8;
-	t->bp.hash = GBIT64(p);		p += 8;
-	t->bp.gen = GBIT64(p);		p += 8;
-	t->dp.addr = GBIT64(p);		p += 8;
-	t->dp.hash = GBIT64(p);		p += 8;
-	t->dp.gen = GBIT64(p);
-	return nil;
-}
-
-char*
-snapshot(Tree *r, char *name, int update)
-{
-	char dbuf[Keymax], snapbuf[Snapsz], treebuf[Treesz];
-	char *p, *e;
-	uvlong gen;
-	int n;
-	Msg m[2];
-
-	n = strlen(name);
-	if(update)
-		gen = inc64(&fs->nextgen, 0);
-	else
-		gen = inc64(&fs->nextgen, 1);
-
-	p = dbuf;
-	m[0].op = Oinsert;
-	p[0] = Kdset;		p += 1;
-	memcpy(p, name, n);	p += n;
-	m[0].k = dbuf;
-	m[0].nk = p - dbuf;
-
-	p = snapbuf;
-	p[0] = Ksnap;		p += 1;
-	PBIT64(p, gen);		p += 8;
-	m[0].v = snapbuf;
-	m[0].nv = p - snapbuf;
-
-	m[1].op = Oinsert;
-	m[1].k = snapbuf;
-	m[1].nk = p - snapbuf;
-	p = treebuf;
-	PBIT32(p, r->ht);	p += 4;
-	PBIT64(p, r->bp.addr);	p += 8;
-	PBIT64(p, r->bp.hash);	p += 8;
-	PBIT64(p, r->bp.gen);	p += 8;
-	PBIT64(p, r->dp.addr);	p += 8;
-	PBIT64(p, r->dp.hash);	p += 8;
-	PBIT64(p, r->dp.gen);	p += 8;
-	m[1].v = treebuf;
-	m[1].nv = p - treebuf;
-	if((e = btupsert(&fs->snap, m, nelem(m))) != nil)
-		return e;
-	if(sync() == -1)
-		return Eio;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-sync(void)
-{
-	int i, r;
-	Arena *a;
-	Blk *b, *s;
-
-	qlock(&fs->snaplk);
-	r = 0;
-	s = fs->super;
-	fillsuper(s);
-	enqueue(s);
-
-	for(i = 0; i < fs->narena; i++){
-		a = &fs->arenas[i];
-		finalize(a->log.tail);
-		if(syncblk(a->log.tail) == -1)
-			r = -1;
-	}
-	for(b = fs->chead; b != nil; b = b->cnext){
-		if(!(b->flag & Bdirty))
-			continue;
-		if(syncblk(b) == -1)
-			r = -1;
-	}
-	if(r != -1)
-		r = syncblk(s);
-
-	qunlock(&fs->snaplk);
-	return r;
-}
-
-void
-quiesce(int tid)
-{
-	int i, allquiesced;
-	Bfree *p, *n;
-
-	lock(&fs->activelk);
-	allquiesced = 1;
-	fs->active[tid]++;
-	for(i = 0; i < fs->nproc; i++){
-		/*
-		 * Odd parity on quiescence implies
-		 * that we're between the exit from
-		 * and waiting for the next message
-		 * that enters us into the critical
-		 * section.
-		 */
-		if((fs->active[i] & 1) == 0)
-			continue;
-		if(fs->active[i] == fs->lastactive[i])
-			allquiesced = 0;
-	}
-	if(allquiesced)
-		for(i = 0; i < fs->nproc; i++)
-			fs->lastactive[i] = fs->active[i];
-	unlock(&fs->activelk);
-	if(!allquiesced)
-		return;
-
-	lock(&fs->freelk);
-	p = nil;
-	if(fs->freep != nil){
-		p = fs->freep->next;
-		fs->freep->next = nil;
-	}
-	unlock(&fs->freelk);
-
-	while(p != nil){
-		n = p->next;
-		reclaimblk(p->bp);
-		p = n;
-	}
-	fs->freep = fs->freehd;
-}
--- a/tree.c
+++ b/tree.c
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@
 	assert(kv->nv == Ptrsz || kv->nv == Ptrsz+2);
 	if(fill != nil)
 		*fill = GBIT16(kv->v + Ptrsz);
-	return unpackbp(kv->v);
+	return unpackbp(kv->v, kv->nv);
 }
 
 void
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@
 	kv.nk = k->nk;
 	kv.v = buf;
 	kv.nv = sizeof(buf);
-	p = packbp(buf, &bp);
+	p = packbp(buf, sizeof(buf), &bp);
 	PBIT16(p, fill);
 	setval(b, i, &kv);
 }
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@
 	b->nbuf++;
 	b->bufsz += msgsz(m)-2;
 	assert(2*b->nbuf + b->bufsz <= Bufspc);
-	assert(m->op >= 0 && m->op <= Owstat);
+	assert(m->op >= 0 && m->op < Nmsgtype);
 
 	p = b->data + Pivspc;
 	o = Pivspc - b->bufsz;
@@ -343,20 +343,37 @@
 }
 
 int
-apply(Kvp *r, Msg *m, char *buf, int nbuf)
+apply(Kvp *kv, Msg *m, char *buf, int nbuf)
 {
+	int refs;
+
 	switch(m->op){
 	case Oclearb:
 	case Odelete:
-		assert(keycmp(r, m) == 0);
+		assert(keycmp(kv, m) == 0);
 		return 0;
 	case Oinsert:
-		cpkvp(r, m, buf, nbuf);
+		cpkvp(kv, m, buf, nbuf);
 		return 1;
 	case Owstat:
-		assert(keycmp(r, m) == 0);
-		statupdate(r, m);
+		assert(keycmp(kv, m) == 0);
+		statupdate(kv, m);
 		return 1;
+	case Orefsnap:
+		assert(keycmp(kv, m) == 0);
+		refs = GBIT32(kv->v) + 1;
+		PBIT32(kv->v, refs);
+		return 1;
+	case Ounrefsnap:
+		assert(keycmp(kv, m) == 0);
+		refs = GBIT32(kv->v) - 1;
+		if(refs == 0){
+			dprint("removing snap %P\n", kv);
+//			freesnap(&t);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		PBIT32(kv->v, refs);
+		return 1;
 	}
 	abort();
 	return 0;
@@ -387,7 +404,7 @@
  * When pidx != -1, 
  */
 int
-updateleaf(Path *up, Path *p)
+updateleaf(Tree *t, Path *up, Path *p)
 {
 	char buf[Msgmax];
 	int i, j, o, ok, full, spc;
@@ -436,8 +453,8 @@
 			i++;
 			while(j < up->hi){
 				if(m.op == Oclearb){
-					bp = unpackbp(v.v);
-					freebp(bp);
+					bp = unpackbp(v.v, v.nv);
+					freebp(t, bp);
 				}
 				ok = apply(&v, &m, buf, sizeof(buf));
 		Copy:
@@ -485,7 +502,7 @@
  * When pidx != -1, 
  */
 int
-updatepiv(Path *up, Path *p, Path *pp)
+updatepiv(Tree *, Path *up, Path *p, Path *pp)
 {
 	char buf[Msgmax];
 	int i, j, o, sz, full, spc;
@@ -558,7 +575,7 @@
  * grow the total height of the 
  */
 int
-splitleaf(Path *up, Path *p, Kvp *mid)
+splitleaf(Tree *t, Path *up, Path *p, Kvp *mid)
 {
 	char buf[Msgmax];
 	int full, copied, spc, ok, halfsz;
@@ -576,8 +593,8 @@
 	l = newblk(b->type);
 	r = newblk(b->type);
 	if(l == nil || r == nil){
-		freeblk(l);
-		freeblk(r);
+		freeblk(t, l);
+		freeblk(t, r);
 		return -1;
 	}
 
@@ -658,11 +675,11 @@
  * than one.
  */
 int
-splitpiv(Path *, Path *p, Path *pp, Kvp *mid)
+splitpiv(Tree *t, Path *, Path *p, Path *pp, Kvp *mid)
 {
 	int i, o, copied, halfsz;
 	Blk *b, *d, *l, *r;
-	Kvp t;
+	Kvp tk;
 	Msg m;
 
 	/*
@@ -674,8 +691,8 @@
 	l = newblk(b->type);
 	r = newblk(b->type);
 	if(l == nil || r == nil){
-		freeblk(l);
-		freeblk(r);
+		freeblk(t, l);
+		freeblk(t, r);
 		return -1;
 	}
 	o = 0;
@@ -700,9 +717,9 @@
 			o = copyup(d, o, pp, &copied);
 			continue;
 		}
-		getval(b, i, &t);
-		setval(d, o++, &t);
-		copied += valsz(&t);
+		getval(b, i, &tk);
+		setval(d, o++, &tk);
+		copied += valsz(&tk);
 	}
 	o = 0;
 	d = l;
@@ -807,7 +824,7 @@
 }
 
 int
-rotate(Path *p, Path *pp, int midx, Blk *a, Blk *b, int halfpiv)
+rotate(Tree *t, Path *p, Path *pp, int midx, Blk *a, Blk *b, int halfpiv)
 {
 	int i, o, cp, sp, idx;
 	Blk *d, *l, *r;
@@ -816,8 +833,8 @@
 	l = newblk(a->type);
 	r = newblk(a->type);
 	if(l == nil || r == nil){
-		freeblk(l);
-		freeblk(r);
+		freeblk(t, l);
+		freeblk(t, r);
 		return -1;
 	}
 	o = 0;
@@ -875,7 +892,7 @@
 }
 
 int
-rotmerge(Path *p, Path *pp, int idx, Blk *a, Blk *b)
+rotmerge(Tree *t, Path *p, Path *pp, int idx, Blk *a, Blk *b)
 {
 	int na, nb, ma, mb, imbalance;
 
@@ -897,13 +914,13 @@
 	if(na + nb < (Pivspc - 4*Msgmax) && ma + mb < Bufspc)
 		return merge(p, pp, idx, a, b);
 	else if(imbalance > 4*Msgmax)
-		return rotate(p, pp, idx, a, b, (na + nb)/2);
+		return rotate(t, p, pp, idx, a, b, (na + nb)/2);
 	else
 		return 0;
 }
 
 int
-trybalance(Path *p, Path *pp, int idx)
+trybalance(Tree *t, Path *p, Path *pp, int idx)
 {
 	Blk *l, *m, *r;
 	Kvp kl, kr;
@@ -925,7 +942,7 @@
 		if(fill + blkfill(m) < Blkspc){
 			if((l = getblk(bp, 0)) == nil)
 				goto Out;
-			if(rotmerge(p, pp, idx-1, l, m) == -1)
+			if(rotmerge(t, p, pp, idx-1, l, m) == -1)
 				goto Out;
 			goto Done;
 		}
@@ -936,7 +953,7 @@
 		if(fill + blkfill(m) < Blkspc){
 			if((r = getblk(bp, 0)) == nil)
 				goto Out;
-			if(rotmerge(p, pp, idx, m, r) == -1)
+			if(rotmerge(t, p, pp, idx, m, r) == -1)
 				goto Out;
 			goto Done;
 		}
@@ -951,7 +968,7 @@
 }
 
 static Blk*
-flush(Path *path, int npath, int *redo)
+flush(Tree *t, Path *path, int npath, int *redo)
 {
 
 	Path *up, *p, *pp, *rp;
@@ -971,13 +988,13 @@
 	*redo = 0;
 	if(p->b->type == Tleaf){
 		if(!filledleaf(p->b, up->sz)){
-			if(updateleaf(p-1, p) == -1)
+			if(updateleaf(t, p-1, p) == -1)
 				goto Error;
 			enqueue(p->nl);
 			rp = p;
 		}else{
 
-			if(splitleaf(up, p, &mid) == -1)
+			if(splitleaf(t, up, p, &mid) == -1)
 				goto Error;
 			enqueue(p->nl);
 			enqueue(p->nr);
@@ -989,7 +1006,7 @@
 	}
 	while(p != path){
 		if(!filledpiv(p->b, 1)){
-			if(trybalance(p, pp, p->idx) == -1)
+			if(trybalance(t, p, pp, p->idx) == -1)
 				goto Error;
 			/* If we merged the root node, break out. */
 			if(up == path && pp != nil && pp->op == POmerge && p->b->nval == 2){
@@ -996,12 +1013,12 @@
 				rp = pp;
 				goto Out;
 			}
-			if(updatepiv(up, p, pp) == -1)
+			if(updatepiv(t, up, p, pp) == -1)
 				goto Error;
 			enqueue(p->nl);
 			rp = p;
 		}else{
-			if(splitpiv(up, p, pp, &mid) == -1)
+			if(splitpiv(t, up, p, pp, &mid) == -1)
 				goto Error;
 			enqueue(p->nl);
 			enqueue(p->nr);
@@ -1028,15 +1045,15 @@
 }
 
 void
-freepath(Path *path, int npath)
+freepath(Tree *t, Path *path, int npath)
 {
 	Path *p;
 
 	for(p = path; p != path + npath; p++){
 		if(p->b != nil)
-			freeblk(p->b);
+			freeblk(t, p->b);
 		if(p->m != nil)
-			freeblk(p->m);
+			freeblk(t, p->m);
 		putblk(p->b);
 		putblk(p->nl);
 		putblk(p->nr);
@@ -1154,7 +1171,7 @@
 	npath++;
 
 	dh = -1;
-	rb = flush(path, npath, &redo);
+	rb = flush(t, path, npath, &redo);
 	if(rb == nil)
 		goto Error;
 
@@ -1173,18 +1190,15 @@
 	t->ht += dh;
 	t->bp = rb->bp;
 	unlock(&t->lk);
-	freepath(path, npath);
+	freepath(t, path, npath);
 	free(path);
-	if(!checkfs(2)){
-		showtree(2, t, "broken");
-		showpath(2, path, npath);
+	if(!checkfs(2))
 		abort();
-	}
 	if(redo)
 		goto Again;
 	return 0;
 Error:
-	freepath(path, npath);
+	freepath(t, path, npath);
 	free(path);
 	return Efs;
 }