ref: 83a98a6a64b4e1ac5d9b7a2eed1758e392e56028
parent: e826b3d7a8a7b74422d9a7f7c5fc2ba5451bebd6
author: uriel <uriel@engel.se.cat-v.org>
date: Tue May 29 01:01:31 EDT 2007
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-(commercially successful and has spread widely, this style has often been compromised, to)12 3600 1 1080 2986 t
-( programs have become encrusted with dubious features.)7 2337( Old)1 209(the detriment of all users.)4 1054 3 1080 3106 t
-( are not always written with attention to proper separation of function)11 2919(Newer programs)1 681 2 1080 3226 t
-( program design,)2 708( paper discusses the elements of)5 1358( This)1 244(and design for interconnection.)3 1290 4 1080 3346 t
-( possible trends for the)4 970(showing by example good and bad design, and indicates some)9 2630 2 1080 3466 t
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-(operating system for microcomputers and some mainframes in the coming years.)10 3231 1 720 3982 t
-( the)1 158( is portability: the operating system kernel and)7 1927( One)1 226(There are good reasons for this popularity.)6 1759 4 970 4138 t
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-( another with much less effort than would be involved in recreating them in the assembly lan-)16 3835(computer to)1 485 2 720 4378 t
-( of comput-)2 470( the same operating system therefore runs on a wide variety)10 2408( Essentially)1 492(guage of each machine.)3 950 4 720 4498 t
-( more important, ven-)3 883( Perhaps)1 370( along.)1 276(ers, and users needn't learn a new system when new hardware comes)11 2791 4 720 4618 t
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-(can be compiled and run without change on any hardware, which makes the system commercially attrac-)15 4320 1 720 4858 t
-( element of zealotry: users of the system tend to be enthusiastic and to expect it wher-)16 3454( is also an)3 406(tive. There)1 460 3 720 4978 t
-( the UNIX system in university a few years ago are now in the job mar-)15 2888(ever they go; the students who used)6 1432 2 720 5098 t
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-( program fit together, how the)5 1248(and is the subject of this essay: in particular, how the design and use of a)15 3072 2 720 1872 t
-( focus of the)3 526( The)1 215( influences solutions to new problems.)5 1588(tools fit into the environment, and how the style)8 1991 4 720 1992 t
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-( a)1 77( \(Often)1 318( of the kinds of decisions that delight both supporters and critics of the system.)14 3257(good illustration)1 668 4 720 2352 t
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-( Thus:)1 378(the standard output stream.)3 1458 2 1620 3988 t
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-( Also:)1 378(is about the easiest way to print a file.)8 2214 2 1620 4428 t
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-( is the manual page for)5 917(Figure 1)1 336 2 720 6898 t
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-( however, are usually imported from or inspired by programs on other operating sys-)13 3396(Most such subsystems,)2 924 2 720 3306 t
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-( example, the 7th Edition shell was aug-)7 1660( For)1 197( functions are well separated.)4 1198(Growth is easy when the)4 1015 4 970 4698 t
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-( If)1 119( by the shell acquire the feature transparently and uniformly.)9 2444(interpreted by the shell, all programs called)6 1757 3 720 5408 t
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-(-s)1008 1130 w
-9 R f
-(strip multiple blank lines to a single instance)7 1611 1 1391 1130 t
-9 CW f
-(-n)1008 1240 w
-9 R f
-(number the output lines)3 854 1 1391 1240 t
-9 CW f
-(-b)1008 1350 w
-9 R f
-(number only the non-blank lines)4 1172 1 1391 1350 t
-9 CW f
-(-v)1008 1460 w
-9 R f
-(make non-printing characters visible)3 1319 1 1391 1460 t
-9 CW f
-(-ve)1368 1570 w
-9 R f
-(mark ends of lines)3 664 1 1751 1570 t
-9 CW f
-(-vt)1368 1680 w
-9 R f
-(change representation of tab)3 1019 1 1751 1680 t
-10 R f
-( there are similar options and even a clash of naming:)10 2265(In System V,)2 549 2 970 1896 t
-10 CW f
-(-s)3822 1896 w
-10 R f
-(instructs)3980 1896 w
-10 CW f
-(cat)4357 1896 w
-10 R f
-(to be silent)2 465 1 4575 1896 t
-( none of these options are appropriate additions to)8 2029( But)1 199(about non-existent files.)2 971 3 720 2016 t
-10 CW f
-(cat)3948 2016 w
-10 R f
-( reasons get to the)4 733(; the)1 179 2 4128 2016 t
-(heart of how UNIX programs are designed and why they work well together.)12 3073 1 720 2136 t
-(It's easy to dispose of \(Berkeley\))5 1322 1 970 2292 t
-10 CW f
-(-s)2317 2292 w
-10 R f
-(,)2437 2292 w
-10 CW f
-(-n)2487 2292 w
-10 R f
-(and)2632 2292 w
-10 CW f
-(-b)2801 2292 w
-10 R f
-( done with existing tools)4 988(: all of these jobs are readily)6 1131 2 2921 2292 t
-(like)720 2412 w
-10 CW f
-(sed)895 2412 w
-10 R f
-(and)1100 2412 w
-10 CW f
-(awk)1269 2412 w
-10 R f
-( example, to number lines, this)5 1230(. For)1 214 2 1449 2412 t
-10 CW f
-(awk)2918 2412 w
-10 R f
-(invocation suffices:)1 785 1 3123 2412 t
-9 CW f
-(awk '{ print NR "\\t" $0 }')6 1404 1 1008 2582 t-9 I f
-(filenames)2466 2582 w
-10 R f
-(If line-numbering is needed often, this command can be packaged under a name like)13 3370 1 720 2762 t
-10 CW f
-(linenumber)4116 2762 w
-10 R f
-(and put)1 298 1 4742 2762 t
-( possibility is to modify the)5 1104( Another)1 378(in a convenient public place.)4 1149 3 720 2882 t
-10 CW f
-(pr)3377 2882 w
-10 R f
-( format text)2 466(command, whose job is to)4 1051 2 3523 2882 t
-( lines is an appropriate feature in)6 1314( Numbering)1 506( printer.)1 317(such as program source for output on a line)8 1730 4 720 3002 t
-10 CW f
-(pr)4613 3002 w
-10 R f
-(; in fact)2 307 1 4733 3002 t
-(UNIX System V)2 682 1 720 3122 t
-10 CW f
-(pr)1435 3122 w
-10 R f
-(has a)1 210 1 1588 3122 t
-10 CW f
-(-n)1831 3122 w
-10 R f
-( never was a need to modify)6 1167( There)1 289(option to do so.)3 644 3 1983 3122 t
-10 CW f
-(cat)4115 3122 w
-10 R f
-(; these options are)3 745 1 4295 3122 t
-(gratuitous tinkering.)1 811 1 720 3242 t
-(But what about)2 623 1 970 3398 t
-10 CW f
-(-v)1624 3398 w
-10 R f
-( strange)1 319( Making)1 367( prints non-printing characters in a visible representation.)7 2327(? That)1 283 4 1744 3398 t
-( \(``)1 157(characters visible is a genuinely new function, for which no existing program is suitable.)13 3646 2 720 3518 t
-10 CW f
-(sed -n l)2 426 1 4523 3518 t
-10 R f
-('',)4949 3518 w-( to occur in)3 470(the closest standard possibility, aborts when given very long input lines, which are more likely)14 3850 2 720 3638 t
-( isn't it appropriate to add the)6 1284( So)1 173( characters.\))1 503(files containing non-printing)2 1180 4 720 3758 t
-10 CW f
-(-v)3902 3758 w
-10 R f
-(option to)1 376 1 4064 3758 t
-10 CW f
-(cat)4482 3758 w
-10 R f
-(to make)1 336 1 4704 3758 t
-(strange characters visible when a file is printed?)7 1920 1 720 3878 t
-( a modification confuses what)4 1202( Such)1 251(The answer is ``No.'')3 858 3 970 4034 t
-10 CW f
-(cat)3307 4034 w
-10 R f
-('s job is \320 concatenating files \320 with)7 1553 1 3487 4034 t-( UNIX program)2 667( A)1 137( a common special case \320 showing a file on the terminal.)11 2478(what it happens to do in)5 1038 4 720 4154 t
-( one thing well, and leave unrelated tasks to other programs.)10 2517(should do)1 402 2 720 4274 t
-10 CW f
-(cat)3700 4274 w
-10 R f
-('s job is to the data in files.)7 1160 1 3880 4274 t-(Programs that collect data shouldn't the data;)6 1809 1 720 4394 t
-10 CW f
-(cat)2554 4394 w
-10 R f
-(therefore shouldn't transform its input.)4 1551 1 2759 4394 t
-(The preferred approach in this case is a separate program that deals with non-printable characters.)14 4070 1 970 4550 t
-(We called ours)2 602 1 720 4670 t
-10 CW f
-(vis)1349 4670 w
-10 R f
-( because its job is to make things vis-)8 1502(\(a suggestive, pronounceable, non-English name\))4 1982 2 1556 4670 t
-( visible \320 and as)4 714( usual, the default is to do what most users will want \320 make strange characters)15 3266(ible. As)1 340 3 720 4790 t
-( making)1 330( By)1 172(necessary include options for variations on that theme.)7 2215 3 720 4910 t
-10 CW f
-(vis)3467 4910 w
-10 R f
-(a separate program, related useful)4 1364 1 3676 4910 t
-( example, the option)3 864( For)1 205(functions are easy to provide.)4 1242 3 720 5030 t
-10 CW f
-(-s)3072 5030 w
-10 R f
-( characters,)1 470(strips out \(i.e., discards\) strange)4 1337 2 3233 5030 t
-( treatment and)2 571( options control the)3 778( Other)1 278(which is handy for dealing with files from other operating systems.)10 2693 4 720 5150 t
-( may or may not be considered strange in different situa-)10 2312(format of characters like tabs and backspaces that)7 2008 2 720 5270 t
-( options make sense in)4 917(tions. Such)1 473 2 720 5390 t
-10 CW f
-(vis)2137 5390 w
-10 R f
-( In)1 135(because its focus is entirely on the treatment of such characters.)10 2561 2 2344 5390 t
-10 CW f
-(cat)720 5510 w
-10 R f
-( require an entire sub-language within the)6 1729(, they)1 232 2 900 5510 t
-10 CW f
-(-v)2897 5510 w
-10 R f
-(option, and thus get even further away from the)8 1987 1 3053 5510 t
-( separate program makes conve-)4 1334( providing the function in a)5 1151( Also,)1 276(fundamental purpose of that program.)4 1559 4 720 5630 t
-(nient options such as)3 836 1 720 5750 t
-10 CW f
-(-s)1581 5750 w
-10 R f
-(easier to invent, because it isolates the problem as well as the solution.)12 2819 1 1726 5750 t
-( example, if we want)4 890( For)1 203( efficiency.)1 462(One possible objection to separate programs for each task is)9 2515 4 970 5906 t
-(numbered lines and visible characters it is probably more efficient to run the one command)14 3638 1 720 6026 t
-9 CW f
-(cat -n -v file)3 756 1 1008 6196 t
-10 R f
-(than the two-element pipeline)3 1190 1 720 6376 t
-9 CW f
-(linenumber file | vis)3 1134 1 1008 6546 t
-10 R f
-(In practice, however,)2 849 1 720 6726 t
-10 CW f
-(cat)1598 6726 w
-10 R f
-( common cases be)3 744(is usually used with no options, so it makes sense to have the)12 2489 2 1807 6726 t
-( current research version of the)5 1297( The)1 217(the efficient ones.)2 738 3 720 6846 t
-10 CW f
-(cat)3009 6846 w
-10 R f
-(command is actually about five times faster)6 1814 1 3226 6846 t
-( data in large blocks instead of the byte-at-)8 1734(than the Berkeley and System V versions because it can process)10 2586 2 720 6966 t
-( and this is perhaps more important, it)7 1537( Also,)1 267( is enabled.)2 458(time processing that might be required if an option)8 2058 4 720 7086 t
-( of the real)3 456( Most)1 265( program.)1 397(is hard to imagine any of these examples being the bottleneck of a production)13 3202 4 720 7206 t
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-10 R f
-(- 5 -)2 166 1 2797 480 t
-( waiting for the user's terminal to display the characters, or even for the user to read)16 3414(time is probably taken)3 906 2 720 840 t
-(them.)720 960 w
-( than wider options; which is better depends on the problem.)10 2457(Separate programs are not always better)5 1613 2 970 1116 t
-( needs a way to perform a new function, one faces the choice of whether to add a new option)19 3739(Whenever one)1 581 2 720 1236 t
-( The)1 209( none of the programmable tools will do the job conveniently\).)10 2546(or write a new program \(assuming that)6 1565 3 720 1356 t
-( are appropri-)2 546( Options)1 369( be that each program does one thing.)7 1511(guiding principle for making the choice should)6 1894 4 720 1476 t
-( there is no such program, then a new)8 1558( If)1 124( the right functionality.)3 946(ately added to a program that already has)7 1692 4 720 1596 t
-( that case, the usual criteria for program design should be used: the program should)14 3325( In)1 133(program is called for.)3 862 3 720 1716 t
-( general as possible, its default behavior should match the most common usage, and it should cooper-)16 4115(be as)1 205 2 720 1836 t
-(ate with other programs.)3 976 1 720 1956 t
-( first)1 187( The)1 206( problem, dealing with fast terminal lines.)6 1677(Let's look at these issues in the context of another)9 2000 4 970 2112 t
-( written in the days when 150 baud was ``fast,'' and all terminals used)13 2897(versions of the UNIX system were)5 1423 2 720 2232 t
-( should we deal with the fact)6 1202( How)1 253( typical, and hard-copy terminals are rare.)6 1721( 9600 baud is)3 560(paper. Today,)1 584 5 720 2352 t
-(that output from programs like)4 1227 1 720 2472 t
-10 CW f
-(cat)1972 2472 w
-10 R f
-(scrolls off the top of the screen faster than one can read it?)12 2332 1 2177 2472 t
-( is to tell each program about the properties of terminals, so it)12 2461( One)1 216(There are two obvious approaches.)4 1393 3 970 2628 t
-( other is to write a command that handles ter-)9 1811( The)1 206(does the right thing \(whether by option or automatically\).)8 2303 3 720 2748 t
-(minals, and leave most programs untouched.)5 1784 1 720 2868 t
-( Berkeley's version of the)4 1039(An example of the first approach is)6 1414 2 970 3024 t
-10 CW f
-(ls)3450 3024 w
-10 R f
-(command, which lists the filenames)4 1443 1 3597 3024 t
-( us call it)3 370( Let)1 185(in a directory.)2 561 3 720 3144 t
-10 CW f
-(lsc)1863 3144 w
-10 R f
-( 7th Edition)2 475( The)1 206(to avoid confusion.)2 771 3 2070 3144 t
-10 CW f
-(ls)3548 3144 w
-10 R f
-(command lists filenames in a sin-)5 1346 1 3694 3144 t
-( directory, the list of filenames disappears off the top of the screen at great speed.)15 3290(gle column, so for a large)5 1030 2 720 3264 t
-10 CW f
-(lsc)720 3384 w
-10 R f
-( columns across the screen \(which is assumed to be 80 columns wide\), so there are typically)16 3770(prints in)1 338 2 932 3384 t
-( option)1 285( The)1 209( as many names on each line, and thus the output usually fits on one screen.)15 3081(four to eight times)3 745 4 720 3504 t
-10 CW f
-(-1)720 3624 w
-10 R f
-(can be used to get the old single-column behavior.)8 2011 1 865 3624 t
-(Surprisingly,)970 3780 w
-10 CW f
-(lsc)1515 3780 w
-10 R f
-(operates differently if its output is a file or pipe:)9 1917 1 1720 3780 t
-9 CW f
-(lsc)1008 3950 w
-10 R f
-(produces output different from)3 1228 1 720 4130 t
-9 CW f
-(lsc | cat)2 486 1 1008 4300 t
-10 R f
-(The reason is that)3 722 1 720 4480 t
-10 CW f
-(lsc)1472 4480 w
-10 R f
-(begins by examining whether or not its output is a terminal, and prints in columns)14 3358 1 1682 4480 t
-( to files or pipes,)4 685( retaining single-column output)3 1273( By)1 172(only if it is.)3 477 4 720 4600 t
-10 CW f
-(lsc)3356 4600 w
-10 R f
-(ensures compatibility with programs)3 1475 1 3565 4600 t
-(like)720 4720 w
-10 CW f
-(grep)895 4720 w
-10 R f
-(or)1160 4720 w
-10 CW f
-(wc)1268 4720 w
-10 R f
-( adjustment of the output format depend-)6 1643( This)1 228(that expect things to be printed one per line.)8 1756 3 1413 4720 t
-(ing on the destination is not only distasteful, it is unique \320 no standard UNIX command has this property.)18 4265 1 720 4840 t
-(A more insidious problem with)4 1266 1 970 4996 t
-10 CW f
-(lsc)2266 4996 w
-10 R f
-(is that the columnation facility, which is actually a useful, gen-)10 2564 1 2476 4996 t
-( Pro-)1 225( is built in and thus inaccessible to other programs that could use a similar compression.)15 3559(eral function,)1 536 3 720 5116 t
-( automatic columnation in)3 1050( The)1 206( special solutions to general problems.)5 1537(grams should not attempt)3 1014 4 720 5236 t
-10 CW f
-(lsc)4553 5236 w
-10 R f
-(is rem-)1 281 1 4759 5236 t
-( the ``wild cards'' found in some systems that provide filename pattern matching only for a par-)16 3896(iniscent of)1 424 2 720 5356 t
-( experience with centralized processing of wild cards in the UNIX shell shows over-)13 3458( The)1 212(ticular program.)1 650 3 720 5476 t
-(whelmingly how important it is to centralize the function where it can be used by all programs.)16 3798 1 720 5596 t
-(One solution for the)3 808 1 970 5752 t
-10 CW f
-(ls)1805 5752 w
-10 R f
-( \320 a separate program for columnation, so that columna-)9 2317(problem is obvious)2 771 2 1952 5752 t
-(tion into say 5 columns is just)6 1196 1 720 5872 t
-9 CW f
-(ls | 5)2 324 1 1008 6042 t
-10 R f
-( the multi-column option of)4 1110(It is easy to build a first-draft version with)8 1687 2 720 6222 t
-10 CW f
-(pr)3543 6222 w
-10 R f
-( commands)1 459(. The)1 231 2 3663 6222 t
-10 CW f
-(2)4379 6222 w
-10 R f
-(,)4439 6222 w
-10 CW f
-(3)4490 6222 w
-10 R f
-(, etc., are all)3 490 1 4550 6222 t
-(links to a single file:)4 817 1 720 6342 t
-9 CW f
-(pr -$0 -t -l1 $*)4 864 1 1008 6512 t
-10 CW f
-($0)720 6692 w
-10 R f
-(is the program name \()4 880 1 866 6692 t
-10 CW f
-(2)1746 6692 w
-10 R f
-(,)1806 6692 w
-10 CW f
-(3)1857 6692 w
-10 R f
-( so)1 116(, etc.\),)1 250 2 1917 6692 t
-10 CW f
-(-$0)2310 6692 w
-10 R f
-(becomes)2517 6692 w
-10 CW f
-(-)2893 6692 w
-10 I f
-(n)2953 6692 w
-10 R f
-(where is the number of columns that)6 1471 1 3030 6692 t
-10 CW f
-(pr)4528 6692 w
-10 R f
-(is to pro-)2 365 1 4675 6692 t
-( normal heading, set the page length to 1 line, and pass the arguments)13 2816( other options suppress the)4 1082(duce. The)1 422 3 720 6812 t
-(on to)1 215 1 720 6932 t
-10 CW f
-(pr)972 6932 w
-10 R f
-( of the use of tools \320 it takes only a moment to write, and it)15 2605( implementation is typical)3 1078(. This)1 265 3 1092 6932 t
-( a more general service is desired, such as automatically)9 2383( If)1 133(serves perfectly well for most applications.)5 1804 3 720 7052 t
-( required, but the one-)4 924(selecting the number of columns for optimal compaction, a C program is probably)12 3396 2 720 7172 t
-(line implementation above satisfies the immediate need and provides a base for experimentation with the)14 4320 1 720 7292 t
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-10 R f
-(- 6 -)2 166 1 2797 480 t
-(design of a fancier program, should one become necessary.)8 2360 1 720 840 t
-(Similar reasoning suggests a solution for the general problem of data flowing off screens \(colum-)14 4070 1 970 996 t
-( programs are by)3 697( Such)1 258( input and print it a screen at a time.)9 1509(nated or not\): a separate program to take any)8 1856 4 720 1116 t
-( like)1 178(now widely available, under names)4 1419 2 720 1236 t
-10 CW f
-(pg)2345 1236 w
-10 R f
-(and)2493 1236 w
-10 CW f
-(more)2665 1236 w
-10 R f
-( solution affects no other programs, but can be)8 1879(. This)1 256 2 2905 1236 t
-( be enhanced with options)4 1059( usual, once the basic feature is right, the program can)10 2206( As)1 166(used with all of them.)4 889 4 720 1356 t
-( screen size, backing up, searching for patterns, and anything else that proves useful within)14 3755(for specifying)1 565 2 720 1476 t
-(that basic job.)2 558 1 720 1596 t
-( the user forgets to pipe output into)7 1423( If)1 119(There is still a problem, of course.)6 1388 3 970 1752 t
-10 CW f
-(pg)3928 1752 w
-10 R f
-(, the output that goes off)5 992 1 4048 1752 t
-( would be desirable if the facilities of)7 1510( It)1 114( is gone.)2 342(the top of the screen)4 825 4 720 1872 t
-10 CW f
-(pg)3539 1872 w
-10 R f
-(were always present without hav-)4 1353 1 3687 1872 t
-(ing to be requested explicitly.)4 1185 1 720 1992 t
-( not)1 156(There are related useful functions that are typically only available as part of a particular program,)15 3914 2 970 2148 t
-( the history mechanism provided by some versions of the UNIX shell:)11 2844( example is)2 465( One)1 221(in a central service.)3 790 4 720 2268 t
-( why)1 213( But)1 211( with editing.)2 563(commands are remembered, so it's possible to review and repeat them, perhaps)11 3333 4 720 2388 t
-( programs called)2 667( not even general enough to pass input to)8 1653( \(It's)1 218(should this facility be restricted to the shell?)7 1782 4 720 2508 t
-( well; any interactive)3 849( other programs could profit as)5 1244( Certainly)1 424(the shell; it applies to shell commands only.\))7 1803 4 720 2628 t
-( subtly, why should the facility be)6 1412( More)1 275( from the ability to re-execute commands.)6 1726(program could benefit)2 907 4 720 2748 t
-( often useful as input to another.)6 1296(restricted to program Pipes have shown that the output from one program is)12 3024 2 720 2868 t
-( of commands such as)4 890(With a little editing, the output)5 1249 2 720 2988 t
-10 CW f
-(ls)2886 2988 w
-10 R f
-(or)3033 2988 w
-10 CW f
-(make)3143 2988 w
-10 R f
-(can be turned into commands or data for)7 1630 1 3410 2988 t
-(other programs.)1 632 1 720 3108 t
-( com-)1 235(Another facility that could be usefully centralized is typified by the editor escape in some mail)15 3835 2 970 3264 t
-( this is all)3 393( But)1 197( is possible to pick up part of a mail message, edit it, and then include it in a reply.)19 3330(mands. It)1 400 4 720 3384 t
-(done by special facilities within the)5 1418 1 720 3504 t
-10 CW f
-(mail)2163 3504 w
-10 R f
-(command and so its use is restricted.)6 1468 1 2428 3504 t
-( by a different program, which usually has its own syntax and seman-)12 2860(Each such service is provided)4 1210 2 970 3660 t
-( is in contrast to features such as pagination, which is always the same because it is only done by)19 3924(tics. This)1 396 2 720 3780 t
-( output text is more environmental than functional; it is more like the)12 2772( editing of input and)4 811( The)1 205(one program.)1 532 4 720 3900 t
-( since the shell)3 597( But)1 197( automatic numbering of lines of text.)6 1519(shell's expansion of filename metacharacters than)5 2007 4 720 4020 t
-( The)1 211( see the characters sent as input to the programs, it cannot provide such editing.)14 3251(does not)1 341 3 720 4140 t
-10 CW f
-(emacs)4554 4140 w
-10 R f
-(edi-)4885 4140 w
-(tor)720 4260 w
-8 R f
-(3)831 4228 w
-10 R f
-( capability, by processing all UNIX command input and output, but this)11 2901(provides a limited form of this)5 1239 2 900 4260 t
-( the complexities and vagaries of yet another massive subsys-)9 2469(is expensive, clumsy, and subjects the users to)7 1851 2 720 4380 t
-(tem \(which isn't to criticize the inventiveness of the idea\).)9 2324 1 720 4500 t
-(A potentially simpler solution is to let the terminal or terminal interface do the work, with controlled)16 4070 1 970 4656 t
-( have used the)3 574( We)1 190( retransmission of visible text, and review of what has gone before.)11 2703(scrolling, editing and)2 853 4 720 4776 t
-(programmability of the Blit terminal)4 1489 1 720 4896 t
-8 R f
-(4)2209 4864 w
-10 R f
-( capitalize on this)3 726(\320 a programmable bitmap graphics display \320 to)7 2033 2 2281 4896 t
-(possibility, to good effect.)3 1047 1 720 5016 t
-( on the display, which can be edited, rearranged and)9 2210(The Blit uses a mouse to point to characters)8 1860 2 970 5172 t
-( the terminal)2 505( Because)1 382( keyboard.)1 421(transmitted back to the UNIX system as though they had been typed on the)13 3012 4 720 5292 t
-( how the text was created; all the features)8 1659(is essentially simulating typed input, the programs are oblivious to)9 2661 2 720 5412 t
-( general editing capabilities of the terminal, with no changes to the)11 2806(discussed above are provided by the)5 1514 2 720 5532 t
-(UNIX programs.)1 676 1 720 5652 t
-( user's control.)2 600(There are some obvious direct advantages to the Blit's ability to process text under the)14 3470 2 970 5808 t
-( is trivial: commands can be selected with the mouse, edited if desired, and retransmitted.)14 3794(Shell history)1 526 2 720 5928 t
-( equivalent, history is limited neither to the)7 1799(Since from the terminal's viewpoint all text on the display is)10 2521 2 720 6048 t
-( Blit provides editing, most of the interactive features of programs)10 2654( the)1 149( Because)1 384(shell nor to command input.)4 1133 4 720 6168 t
-(like)720 6288 w
-10 CW f
-(mail)895 6288 w
-10 R f
-(are unnecessary; they are done easily, transparently and uniformly by the terminal.)11 3301 1 1160 6288 t
-( interactive fea-)2 639(The most interesting facet of this work, however, is the way it removes the need for)15 3431 2 970 6444 t
-( is the place where interaction is provided, much as the shell is the pro-)14 2907(tures in programs; instead, the Blit)5 1413 2 720 6564 t
-( course, programming the termi-)4 1327( of)1 115( Unfortunately,)1 642(gram that interprets filename-matching metacharacters.)4 2236 4 720 6684 t
-( meshes)1 326(nal demands access to a part of the environment off-limits to most programmers, but the solution)15 3994 2 720 6804 t
-( to provide)2 443( the terminal cannot be modified)5 1321( If)1 120(well with the environment and is appealing in its simplicity.)9 2436 4 720 6924 t
-( a user-level program or perhaps the UNIX kernel itself could be modified fairly easily to do)16 3692(the capabilities,)1 628 2 720 7044 t
-(roughly what the Blit does, with similar results.)7 1903 1 720 7164 t
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-10 R f
-(- 7 -)2 166 1 2797 480 t
-( to problem-solving on the UNIX system is to identify the right primitive operations and to)15 3740(The key)1 330 2 970 840 t
-( a)1 73( In)1 137( tend to solve general problems rather than special cases.)9 2303( programs)1 407( UNIX)1 304(put them at the right place.)5 1096 6 720 960 t
-( space of jobs to be done \(although with a fair)10 1890(very loose sense, the programs are orthogonal, spanning the)8 2430 2 720 1080 t
-( are placed where they will)5 1092( Functions)1 448( efficiency\).)1 484(amount of overlap for reasons of history, convenience or)8 2296 4 720 1200 t
-( any more than there)4 860(do the most good: there shouldn't be a pager in every program that produces output)14 3460 2 720 1320 t
-(should be filename pattern matching in every program that uses filenames.)10 2981 1 720 1440 t
-( is successful in part because it has a small)9 1772( It)1 119(One thing that UNIX does not need is more features.)9 2179 3 970 1596 t
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-( W. Kernighan and Rob Pike,)5 1179(1. B.)1 342 2 720 2148 t
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-10 I f
-(Bell System Technical Journal)3 1248 1 3319 2616 t
-10 R f
-(\(this issue,)1 438 1 4602 2616 t
-(1984\).)970 2736 w
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--- a/tpl/_inc/404.tpl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,49 +1,0 @@
-<h1>The page requested doesn't exist</h1>
-
-<br />
-Try searching in cat-v.org:
-
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-<!-- SiteSearch Google -->
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-% echo '<input type="text" name="q" size="32" maxlength="255" value="'$title'" id="sbi"></input>'
-<label for="sbb" style="display: none">Submit search form</label>
-<input type="submit" name="sa" value="Google Search" id="sbb"></input>
-</td></tr>
-<tr>
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binary files a/tpl/children/.i_dont_care.md.swp /dev/null differ
--- a/tpl/children/fuck_the_children.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,82 +1,0 @@
-George Carlin:
-
- Something else I'm getting tired of in this country is all this stupid talk
- I have to listen to about children. That's all you hear about anymore,
- children: "Help the children, save the children, protect the children." You
- know what I say? Fuck the children!
-
- They're getting entirely too much attention. And I know what some of you are
- thinking: " Jesus, he's not going to attack children, is he?" Yes he is!
- He's going to attack children. And remember, this is Mr. Conductor talking;
- I know what I'm talking about.
-
- And I also know that all you boring single dads and working moms, who think
- you're such fucking heros, aren't gonna like this, but somebody's gotta tell
- you for your own good: your children are overrated and overvalued, and
- you've turned them into little cult objects. You have a child fetish, and
- it's not healthy. And don't give me all that weak shit, "Well, I love my
- children." Fuck you! Everybody loves their children; it doesn't make you
- special. : : : John Wayne Gacy loved his children. Yes, he did. That's not
- what I'm talking about. What I'm talking about is this constant, mindless
- yammering in the media, this neurotic fixation that suggests that somehow
- everything--everything--has to revolve around the lives of children. Ist's
- completely out of balance.
-
- Listen, there are a couple of things about kids you have to remember. First
- of all, they're not all cute. In fact, if you look at 'em real close, most
- of them are rather unpleasant looking. And a lot of them don't smell too
- good either. The little ones in particular seem to have a kind of urine and
- sour-milk combination that I don't care for at all. Stay with me on this
- folks, the sooner you face it the better off your going to be.
-
- Second, premise: not all chidren are smart and clever. Got that? Kids are
- like any other group of people: a few winners, a whole lot of losers! This
- country is filled with loser kids who simply...aren't...going anywhere! And
- there's nothing you can do about it, folks. Nothing! You can't save them
- all. You can't do it. You gotta let 'em go; you gotta cut 'em loose; you
- gotta stop over-protecting them, because your making 'em too soft.
-
- Today's kids are way too soft. : : : For one thing, there's too much
- emphasis on safety and safety equipment: childproof medicine bottles,
- fireproof pajamas, child restraints, car seats. And helmets! Bicycle,
- baseball, skateboard, scooter helmets. Kids have to wear helmets now for
- everything but jerking off. Grown-ups have taken all the fun out of being a
- kid. : : : What's happened is, these baby boomers, these soft, fruity baby
- boomers, have raised an entire generation of soft, fruity kids who aren't
- even allowed hazardous toys, for Chrissakes! What ever happened to natural
- selection? Survival of the fittest? The kid who swallows too many marbles
- doesn't grow up to have kids of his own. Simple stuff. Nature knows best!
-
- Another bunch of ignorant bullshit about your children: school uniforms. Bad
- theory! The idea that if kids wear uniforms to school, it helps keep order.
- Hey! Don't these schools do enough damage makin' all these children think
- alike? Now they're gonna get 'em to look alike, too? : : : And it's not even
- a new idea; I first saw it in old newsreels from the 1930s, but it was hard
- to understand, because the narration was in German! But the uniforms looked
- beautiful. And the children did everything they were told and never
- questioned authority. Gee, I wonder why someone would want to put our
- children in uniforms. Can't imagine.
-
- And one more item about children: this superstitous nonsense of blaming
- tobacco companies for kids who smoke. Listem! Kids don't smoke because a
- camel in sunglasses tells them to. They smoke for the same reasons adults
- do, because it's an enjoyable activity that relieves anxiety and depression.
-
- And you'd be anxious and depressed too if you had to put up with these
- pathetic, insecure, yuppie parents who enroll you in college before you've
- figured out which side of the playpen smells the worst and then fill you
- with Ritalin to get you in a mood they approve of, and drag you all over
- town in search of empty, meaningless structure: Little League, Cub Scouts,
- swimming, soccer, karate, piano, bagpipes, watercolors, witchcraft, glass
- blowing, and dildo practice. It's absurd. : : : They even have "play dates",
- for Christ sake! Playing is now done by appointment! But it's true. A lot of
- these striving, and parents are burning their kids out on structure. I think
- what every child needs and ought to have every day is two hours of
- daydreaming. Plain old daydreaming.
-
- Turn off the internet, the CD-ROMS, and the computer games and let them
- stare at a tree for a couple of hours. Every now and then they actually come
- up with one of their own ideas. You want to know how to help your kids?
- Leave them the fuck alone.
-
-
--- a/tpl/children/i_dont_care.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,58 +1,0 @@
- I Don’t Fucking Care About The Children. 18 December 2002
-
- There. I said it. I don’t care about “the children” - and I don’t care about
- protecting themselves. Keep your fucking plastic plates away from my outlets.
- Keep your petitions to shut down the porno houses away from me, let I tear them
- to bits and urinate upon them. If you tell me to throw away my books, violent
- movies and games, or the like to keep the minds of children clean - I will tell
- you to shove your head up your ass, fucker. This insane quest to protect “The
- Children” is absurd! We coddle and we coddle the damn things and they still
- turn out maladjusted… wait, maybe they wouldn’t turn out maladjusted if they
- weren’t coddled! When children used to scream or throw tantrums or beat up
- other children - they were usually PUNISHED! What a novel concept! Punishment!
- Negative reinforcement for negative actions - how novel!
-
- Worst of all, is the foisting of the care and proper raising of these wastes of
- sperm and egg onto the populace at large! This is of course, when it doesn’t
- involve the actual mental raising of the child - such as setting limits, or
- telling the damn thing what it can or cannot do. That will damage it’s precious
- self-esteem! We can’t have that, can we?! So, if we can’t tell the child
- they’re doing something wrong, dangerous or illegal - what can we do? We can
- immediately cease and desist all enjoyable activities that children either
- cannot, or shoud not be involved in. Activities such as reading books with foul
- language, playing violent games, watching porn, having pre-marital sex, eating
- unhealthy foods, or thinking for ourselves.
-
- Meanwhile, the parents will continue to funnel McDonalds and Easy Mac into
- junior’s gaping maw because it’s easier than cooking a healthy meal. They will
- continue to bitch about what’s on the television to politicians while letting
- junior sit in front of it for 6 hours a day. They complain about women getting
- abortions, because it “kills precious babies” while letting unwanted children
- rot in orphanages and state care. They complain about people who say fuck in
- public, while seeing nothing wrong with assualting anyone who dares tell their
- child the simple word “No.” They constantly buy all the newest plastic
- kindercrap, that junior is just going to play with for five minutes, than throw
- it on the pile. This is the future? A world of spoiled brats who don’t know how
- to control themselves above being able to hold in their shit until they can
- find a toilet. A world of morons who blame everyone but themselves for their
- own shortcomings. A world of closed-minded fuckers who refuse to budge from the
- Staus Quo?
-
- For the love of God, I can’t take that! I can’t fucking deal with that shit.
- It’s not that I want to kill kids. That would involve being near the little
- buggers long enough to get off a shot. I support public education - assuming
- it’s good education, and not a glorfied state babysitter who can’t give a child
- an F without getting reamed by both the parents and the administration. I
- support socialized health care for everyone - adult and child. That doesn’t
- mean I think we should suck up and kiss ass to anyone with half a brain and
- proof of a functioning reproductive system (i.e. a child). Parenting is the
- parent’s responsibility - not mine, not the government’s. Don’t pass the buck
- to me, for fuck’s sake. I’m not making you do my computer science homework, so
- don’t make me suffer the atonal screamings of your twatrocket while I’m trying
- to eat, and don’t make my put up with your spoiled sprogling demanding what he
- can’t get.
-
- It is not my job, fuckers. Parent your own damn children!
-
- Devo - Jocko Homo/I Need A Chick
-
--- a/tpl/children/index.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +1,0 @@
-Children considered harmful
-===========================
-
-Children are nothing more than a toy some parents use to feed their ego and feel important. They are a nuisance and make life miserable for everyone else around.
-
-Some recommended articles for parents, prospective parents, or anyone that has to suffer the evils caused by little evil goblins.
-
-* [Fuck the children](fuck_the_children) by George Carlin
-* [I Don’t Fucking Care About The Children](i_dont_care) by Devo - Jocko Homo
-
-Alternatives to children
-------------------------
-
-* Contraception
-* Videogames
-